Pseudomembranous colitis, also known as antibiotic-associated colitis or C. difficile colitis, is an inflammation of the colon caused by an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile). This condition is often associated with recent hospital stays or antibiotic treatments and is more common in people over 65 years old.
Clostridioides difficile, often referred to as C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause an infection in the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. The infection can range from mild symptoms such as diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon.
Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare, serious disease characterized by the accumulation of calcium in the small blood vessels of the fat and skin tissues. This condition leads to blood clots, painful skin ulcers, and potentially severe infections that can be fatal. It is most commonly seen in individuals with kidney failure who are on dialysis or have had a kidney transplant, but it can also occur in people without kidney disease.
Corns and calluses are thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when the skin tries to protect itself against friction or pressure. They often form on feet and toes or hands and fingers. If you’re healthy, you don’t need treatment for corns and calluses unless they cause discomfort or you’re concerned about their appearance. For most people, simply removing the source of the friction or pressure makes corns and calluses disappear.
Carcinoid tumors are a subset of neuroendocrine tumors that are typically slow-growing and can develop in various parts of the body. They most commonly originate in the digestive tract or the lungs. These tumors can produce and release hormones into the body, causing various symptoms.
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is primarily caused by various strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a common infection passed through sexual contact.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that originates in the blood and bone marrow. The term “chronic” signifies the slow progression of the disease, while “lymphocytic” refers to the white blood cells called lymphocytes affected by the disease. CLL primarily affects older adults and there are treatments available to control the disease.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and leads to an increased number of white blood cells in the blood. The term “chronic” indicates that this cancer progresses more slowly than other severe forms of leukemia. The term “myelogenous” refers to the type of cells affected by this cancer. CML typically affects older adults and rarely occurs in children, though it can occur at any age. With advances in treatment, the prognosis for people with CML has improved significantly. Most people can achieve remission and live for many years after diagnosis.
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a malignant growth that begins in the colon, the first and longest part of the large intestine. The large intestine plays a crucial role in the digestive system, breaking down food for the body to use. Colon cancer typically affects older adults but can occur at any age. It usually starts as small, benign clumps of cells called polyps. While most polyps are harmless, some can develop into colon cancer over time.
Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are common painful lesions that develop on the soft tissues inside your mouth or at the base of your gums. Unlike cold sores, which are caused by herpes simplex viruses, canker sores are not contagious. These small, shallow ulcers can be irritating and make eating and talking uncomfortable. Let’s delve into the details of canker sores, including their types, causes, symptoms, prevention, and management.
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide (CO) builds up in the blood. This colorless, odorless gas can lead to serious tissue damage and even death. Understanding its causes, symptoms, prevention, and management is crucial for public health.
Carcinoid syndrome, a rare and intricate condition, arises when neuroendocrine tumors—specifically carcinoid tumors—secrete biologically active substances into the bloodstream. These tumors predominantly manifest in the gastrointestinal tract or the lungs. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the multifaceted aspects of carcinoid syndrome, from its underlying causes to its intricate management strategies.
Carcinoid tumors, a subset of neuroendocrine tumors, are slow-growing cancers that can emerge in various locations within the body. These tumors typically originate in the digestive tract (including the stomach, appendix, small intestine, colon, and rectum) or the lungs. Although they often remain asymptomatic until later stages, carcinoid tumors can produce and release hormones, leading to signs such as diarrhea or skin flushing. Treatment options usually involve surgical intervention and may incorporate medications.
Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), also known as occult primary cancer, is a perplexing diagnosis. It occurs when cancer cells have spread throughout the body, yet the origin of the primary tumor remains elusive. Most often, cancer is diagnosed when doctors identify the site where the cancer initially began (the primary tumor). However, in CUP cases, the primary tumor defies detection, leading to diagnostic challenges and complex management decisions. Let’s delve into the intricacies of this enigmatic condition.