Glomerulonephritis refers to the inflammation of the glomeruli, which are crucial filtering units in the kidneys responsible for removing excess fluid and waste from the bloodstream. This condition can manifest suddenly (acute) or develop gradually over time (chronic). The inflammation associated with glomerulonephritis can impair kidney function and lead to complications if left untreated.
Golfer's elbow, medically known as medial epicondylitis, is a painful condition affecting the tendons where the forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of the elbow. Despite its name, this condition is not exclusive to golfers and can affect anyone who performs repetitive wrist motions or grips forcefully. The pain typically radiates into the forearm and wrist, impacting everyday activities and sports involvement.
Gonorrhea is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect various parts of the body, including the urethra, rectum, female reproductive tract, mouth, throat, or eyes. Primarily spread through sexual contact, gonorrhea can also be transmitted to newborns during childbirth.
Granuloma annulare (gran-u-LOW-muh an-u-LAR-e) is a skin condition characterized by raised, flesh-colored or red bumps that form a ring pattern on the skin. It commonly affects young adults, typically appearing on the hands and feet. While not contagious or usually painful, it can be persistent and cause emotional distress due to its appearance and recurring nature.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels in various organs including the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, and kidneys. This inflammation can lead to the formation of granulomas, affecting the normal functioning of these organs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial as untreated GPA can lead to severe complications and even be life-threatening.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormone, leading to hyperthyroidism. It affects the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, and influences various bodily functions due to the thyroid hormones it produces.
Group B strep (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae, is a bacterium commonly found in the intestines or lower genital tract. While it typically doesn't cause harm in healthy adults, it can lead to serious illnesses in newborns and vulnerable adults.
Growing pains are a common childhood complaint characterized by leg discomfort typically felt at night. Despite their name, growing pains are not directly linked to growth itself. Instead, they are thought to be associated with a lower pain threshold or psychological factors. Understanding their symptoms, causes, and appropriate management is crucial for parents and caregivers.
Growth plate fractures are injuries affecting the layer of cartilage located near the ends of a child's long bones. These growth plates, also known as epiphyseal plates, are the regions where bone growth occurs during childhood and adolescence. Unlike adult bones, which are fully ossified and more resilient, the growth plates are soft and relatively weaker, making them more susceptible to fractures from injuries that might only cause sprains in adults. Given their crucial role in bone development, fractures in these areas require prompt and appropriate treatment to ensure proper bone growth and development.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the peripheral nervous system. This network of nerves lies outside the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for transmitting signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. The hallmark of GBS is an inflammatory response that damages the myelin sheath—the protective covering of the nerves—leading to a range of neurological symptoms. Though rare, GBS can progress rapidly, sometimes resulting in full-body paralysis.
Incidence and Demographics
Guillain-Barre Syndrome affects approximately 1 in 100,000 people annually. It can occur in anyone regardless of age or gender but is slightly more common in adults. The condition has been observed globally, with no significant geographical limitations.