Pancreatic cancer is a formidable adversary that originates from abnormal cell growth in the pancreas. This vital organ, nestled behind the lower part of the stomach, serves a dual purpose: producing enzymes for digestion and regulating blood sugar levels through hormone secretion. The most prevalent type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which begins in the cells lining the ducts responsible for transporting digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are a rare group of conditions that develop in some individuals with cancer. These syndromes occur when the immune system, in its attempt to fight cancer, inadvertently attacks normal cells within the nervous system. Although uncommon, they can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life and require careful evaluation and management.
Prostate cancer is a prevalent malignancy that originates in the prostate gland, a walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in males. The prostate produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. While some prostate cancers grow slowly and remain confined to the gland, others can be aggressive and spread rapidly. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the bile ducts. These ducts carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Over time, the narrowing and scarring lead to serious liver damage.
Pseudomembranous colitis, also known as antibiotic-associated colitis or C. difficile colitis, is an inflammatory condition of the colon. It is characterized by an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridioides difficile (formerly known as Clostridium difficile), commonly referred to as C. diff. This bacterial overgrowth leads to the formation of pseudomembranes in the colon lining, causing symptoms such as watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.
A pneumothorax, commonly known as a collapsed lung, occurs when air leaks into the pleural space—the area between the lung and the chest wall. This excess air puts pressure on the lung, causing it to partially or fully collapse. Pneumothorax can be a medical emergency, so prompt evaluation and treatment are crucial.
Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva—the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the eyeball. It can affect one or both eyes. Here are the key points:
- Pink eye causes redness, swelling, and discomfort.
- It often results in a sticky discharge from the eyes.
- Types: Viral, bacterial, and allergic conjunctivitis.
Peyronie’s disease, also known as induratio penis plastica, is a condition characterized by the development of fibrous scar tissue (plaque) within the deeper tissues of the penis. This scar tissue causes the penis to curve or bend during erections, leading to pain and potential complications. Although it’s not caused by cancer, Peyronie’s disease can significantly impact a man’s quality of life.
Paget's disease of bone is a condition that affects the normal recycling process of bone tissue. In this condition, new bone tissue gradually replaces old bone tissue, leading to bones that are fragile and misshapen. The pelvis, skull, spine, and legs are most commonly affected. While the exact cause of Paget's disease is unknown, it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Painful intercourse is a common problem that affects many people. It is characterized by lasting or recurrent genital pain that occurs before, during, or after sex. This condition is known as dyspareunia (dis-puh-ROO-nee-uh). In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and management strategies for painful intercourse.
Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that begins as a growth of cells in the pancreas. The pancreas lies behind the lower part of the stomach and plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar management. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which begins in the cells that line the ducts that carry digestive enzymes out of the pancreas.
Pancreatic cysts are saclike pockets of fluid on or in the pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ located behind the stomach that produces hormones and enzymes that help digest food. Pancreatic cysts are typically found during imaging testing for another problem. They are usually benign, but in some cases, they can be malignant.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a rare type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits behind the stomach and produces enzymes and hormones that help digest food. PNETs start from the hormone-producing cells in the pancreas, called islet cells. Another term for PNETs is islet cell cancer.
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can cause severe pain and damage to the organ. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits behind the stomach and plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. Inflammation of the pancreas can occur suddenly (acute) or chronically over time (chronic).
Panic attacks are sudden episodes of intense fear that can be very frightening. They are characterized by a sudden onset of physical symptoms such as a racing heartbeat, sweating, and trembling. Panic attacks can be triggered by a variety of factors, including stress, anxiety, and certain medical conditions. In some cases, panic attacks can occur without any apparent trigger or cause.