Rectal cancer, a malignancy that originates in the rectum—the last several inches of the large intestine—poses significant health challenges. This article delves into the intricacies of rectal cancer, covering its types, causes, symptoms, prevention, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and when to seek medical attention.
Retinoblastoma is a rare but serious form of eye cancer that primarily affects young children. It originates in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the various aspects of retinoblastoma, including its types, causes, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management.
Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. The virus is usually transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, typically through a bite. Rabies is a serious public health concern worldwide, with an estimated 59,000 deaths occurring each year. In the United States, bats are the most common carriers of rabies, followed by coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks. In developing countries, stray dogs are the primary source of transmission.
Radiation enteritis is a common side effect of radiation therapy that occurs when the intestines are exposed to high levels of radiation. This condition can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. Radiation enteritis is most common in people receiving radiation therapy for cancer in the abdomen and pelvic areas.
Radiation sickness is a serious and potentially fatal condition caused by the exposure of the body to a large dose of radiation over a short period of time. This condition is also known as acute radiation syndrome (ARS) or radiation poisoning. Radiation sickness is not caused by common medical imaging tests that use low-dose radiation, such as X-rays, CT scans, and nuclear medicine scans.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare and complex condition that occurs when the virus that causes chickenpox, also known as varicella-zoster, reactivates and affects the facial nerve near one of your ears. This condition is also known as herpes zoster oticus. The symptoms of Ramsay Hunt syndrome can include a painful shingles rash, facial paralysis, and hearing loss in the affected ear.
Raynaud's disease is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the body, causing them to narrow or constrict in response to cold temperatures or stress. This narrowing of the blood vessels can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the affected areas, causing numbness and coldness in the fingers and toes.
Reactive arthritis is a condition that causes joint pain and swelling in response to an infection in another part of the body. This condition is also known as Reiter's syndrome. It is not a common condition and usually affects the knees, ankles, and feet. Inflammation can also affect the eyes, skin, and the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra).
Reactive attachment disorder is a rare but serious condition that affects infants and young children. It is characterized by a lack of healthy attachment with caregivers, which can lead to social and emotional difficulties later in life. Reactive attachment disorder may develop if the child's basic needs for comfort, affection, and nurturing are not met.
Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the rectum, the last several inches of the large intestine. It is a type of colorectal cancer, which also includes cancer in the colon. Rectal cancer is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, and treatment options for rectal cancer.
Rectal prolapse is a condition where part of the large intestine's lowest section, the rectum, slips outside the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract known as the anus. While rectal prolapse may cause discomfort and pain, it is rarely a medical emergency. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, and treatment options for rectal prolapse.
A rectovaginal fistula is a condition where a connection forms between the lower part of the large intestine (rectum or anus) and the vagina. This abnormal connection allows bowel contents to leak through, causing gas or stool to pass through the vagina. A rectovaginal fistula can cause significant physical and emotional distress, impacting daily life and relationships.
Recurrent breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that returns after initial treatment. Although the initial treatment is aimed at eliminating all cancer cells, a few may have evaded treatment and survived. These undetected cancer cells multiply, becoming recurrent breast cancer.
Recurrent breast cancer can occur months or years after initial treatment, and it may come back in the same place as the original cancer (local recurrence) or spread to other areas of the body (distant recurrence).
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is a sleep disorder characterized by the physical acting out of vivid dreams, often accompanied by vocal sounds and sudden movements during REM sleep. This condition is also known as dream-enacting behavior.
During REM sleep, the brain is active, and most people experience vivid dreams. However, in individuals with REM sleep behavior disorder, the brain's ability to regulate muscle tone is impaired, leading to the physical acting out of these dreams. This can result in complex and often violent movements, including talking, screaming, and even physical attacks.
Renal artery stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of one or more arteries that carry blood to the kidneys. This narrowing of the arteries prevents adequate oxygen-rich blood from reaching the kidneys, leading to a range of complications. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and removing excess fluids from the body, and reduced blood flow can lead to injury to kidney tissue and increased blood pressure.