The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a vital structure that connects the jawbone to the skull, allowing for the movement of the jaw. It is a complex joint that relies on a delicate balance of muscles, bones, and soft tissues to function properly. TMJ disorders, also known as temporomandibular disorders (TMD), are a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. TMD is characterized by pain and discomfort in the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement.
Toe walking, also known as toe walking or walking on the toes, is a common condition in children where they walk on their toes or the balls of their feet instead of their heels. In most cases, toe walking is a normal part of a child's development and is usually outgrown by the toddler years. However, in some cases, toe walking can be a sign of an underlying condition or disorder.
Tongue cancer is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the tongue. The tongue is a vital organ that plays a crucial role in our daily lives, enabling us to speak, eat, and swallow. Tongue cancer can occur in the mouth or the throat, and it is essential to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition.
Tongue-tie, also known as ankyloglossia, is a condition that is present at birth and restricts the tongue's range of motion. It occurs when an unusually short, thick, or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue's tip to the floor of the mouth. This can interfere with breastfeeding, eating, and speaking.
A tonic-clonic seizure, previously known as a grand mal seizure, is a type of seizure that is characterized by a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions. It is the most common type of seizure that people picture when they think about seizures. During a seizure, there is a burst of electrical activity in the brain that causes changes in behavior and movements.
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue located at the back of the throat. It is a common condition that affects both children and adults. The symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck.
A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus that develops as a result of a bacterial infection. It is a common dental condition that can occur at different areas near the tooth, including the tip of the root, the gums, and the surrounding tissues. A periapical tooth abscess occurs at the tip of the root and is typically caused by an untreated dental cavity, injury, or prior dental work.
A torn meniscus is a common knee injury that can occur due to a sudden twisting or rotating movement of the knee. The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the shinbone and thighbone, allowing for smooth movement of the knee joint. When the meniscus is torn, it can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected knee.
Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects approximately 1 in 160 children and adolescents worldwide. It is characterized by repetitive movements or unwanted sounds, known as tics, that can be vocal or motor. Tics can vary in frequency and severity, and can be influenced by emotional states, stress, and sensory stimuli.
Toxic hepatitis is a type of liver inflammation that occurs as a reaction to certain substances or toxins. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including alcohol, chemicals, drugs, and nutritional supplements. The symptoms of toxic hepatitis can vary in severity and may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and nausea. In some cases, toxic hepatitis can lead to permanent liver damage, cirrhosis, and even liver failure.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare and life-threatening condition that occurs when toxins produced by certain types of bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause widespread inflammation. TSS is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to prevent complications and death.
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is a common parasite found in many parts of the world. The infection can occur in people of all ages, but it is most serious in infants and people with weakened immune systems. Toxoplasmosis is often acquired through eating undercooked meat or coming into contact with cat feces. In pregnant women, the parasite can pass to the baby during pregnancy, potentially leading to miscarriage and birth defects.
Trachoma is a bacterial infection that affects the eyes, causing inflammation, scarring, and potentially leading to blindness. It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and is contagious, spreading through contact with infected people or contaminated items. Trachoma is a significant public health problem, particularly in developing countries where it is the leading cause of preventable blindness.
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden and temporary episode of confusion that affects memory and cognitive function. During this episode, a person is unable to create new memories, and their past experiences are lost. TGA is a rare condition that is not caused by a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke.
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological symptoms, similar to those of a stroke, caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Also known as a ministroke, a TIA is often a warning sign of a future stroke, and it is essential to seek medical attention immediately to prevent long-term damage.