Functional dyspepsia, also known as nonulcer dyspepsia, is a chronic condition characterized by recurring symptoms of upper abdominal discomfort without any evident underlying cause. It is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that affects a significant portion of the population.
Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND), encompassing what was previously termed conversion disorder, manifests as neurological symptoms without a corresponding neurological disease or identifiable medical condition. These symptoms are genuine, leading to significant distress or impairment in daily functioning.
Galactorrhea (guh-lack-toe-REE-uh) is a condition characterized by spontaneous, milky nipple discharge unrelated to breastfeeding. While not a disease itself, it often signals an underlying medical issue, especially when persistent. Galactorrhea predominantly affects women but can occur in men and infants as well.
Gallbladder cancer originates from abnormal cell growth within the gallbladder, a small organ beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid. It is a relatively rare form of cancer, often diagnosed late due to its asymptomatic early stages.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath your liver on the right side of your abdomen. The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.
Ganglion cysts are benign lumps that commonly develop along tendons or joints in the wrists or hands, though they can also occur in ankles and feet. These cysts are typically filled with a thick, jellylike fluid and vary in size, often changing over time. While generally non-cancerous, ganglion cysts can cause discomfort if they press on nearby nerves or affect joint movement.
Gangrene is a serious medical condition characterized by the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a severe bacterial infection. It commonly affects the extremities like arms, legs, toes, and fingers, but can also occur in internal organs such as the gallbladder and muscles.
Gas in the digestive system is a natural byproduct of digestion, typically expelled through burping or passing gas (flatus). However, when gas becomes trapped or moves poorly through the digestive tract, it can lead to discomfort and pain.
Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining, a condition that can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or develop gradually over time (chronic gastritis). This inflammation is often caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or excessive alcohol consumption. While gastritis itself is usually not severe and can improve with treatment, it can lead to complications such as ulcers and, in rare cases, an increased risk of stomach cancer.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid regularly flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. This reflux, commonly known as acid reflux, can lead to various symptoms and discomfort.
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a serious medical condition characterized by bleeding in the digestive tract, which can manifest as blood in stool or vomit. The severity can vary from mild to life-threatening, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare form of cancer originating from specialized nerve cells within the digestive tract. Most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine, GISTs can vary widely in size and aggressiveness.
Gastroparesis is a condition affecting stomach motility, where the normal movement of muscles that push food through the digestive tract is impaired. This results in delayed or incomplete emptying of the stomach, leading to various digestive complications.
Gaucher (go-SHAY) disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of certain fatty substances in organs such as the spleen and liver, leading to their enlargement and impaired function. This condition can also affect bone tissue, increasing the risk of fractures and interfering with blood clotting due to bone marrow involvement. The underlying cause is a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, which normally breaks down these fatty substances.
Gender dysphoria refers to the distress or discomfort that individuals may experience when their gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. This condition is prevalent among transgender and gender-diverse people, although not all individuals within these groups experience it.