Rectal prolapse is a condition where part of the large intestine's lowest section, the rectum, slips outside the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract known as the anus. While rectal prolapse may cause discomfort and pain, it is rarely a medical emergency. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, and treatment options for rectal prolapse.
A rectovaginal fistula is a condition where a connection forms between the lower part of the large intestine (rectum or anus) and the vagina. This abnormal connection allows bowel contents to leak through, causing gas or stool to pass through the vagina. A rectovaginal fistula can cause significant physical and emotional distress, impacting daily life and relationships.
Recurrent breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that returns after initial treatment. Although the initial treatment is aimed at eliminating all cancer cells, a few may have evaded treatment and survived. These undetected cancer cells multiply, becoming recurrent breast cancer.
Recurrent breast cancer can occur months or years after initial treatment, and it may come back in the same place as the original cancer (local recurrence) or spread to other areas of the body (distant recurrence).
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is a sleep disorder characterized by the physical acting out of vivid dreams, often accompanied by vocal sounds and sudden movements during REM sleep. This condition is also known as dream-enacting behavior.
During REM sleep, the brain is active, and most people experience vivid dreams. However, in individuals with REM sleep behavior disorder, the brain's ability to regulate muscle tone is impaired, leading to the physical acting out of these dreams. This can result in complex and often violent movements, including talking, screaming, and even physical attacks.
Renal artery stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of one or more arteries that carry blood to the kidneys. This narrowing of the arteries prevents adequate oxygen-rich blood from reaching the kidneys, leading to a range of complications. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and removing excess fluids from the body, and reduced blood flow can lead to injury to kidney tissue and increased blood pressure.
Residual limb pain, also known as stump pain, is a type of pain that occurs in the remaining part of a limb after an amputation. It is a common condition that affects approximately half of individuals who have undergone an amputation. Residual limb pain can occur soon after surgery, often within the first week, and may persist beyond the healing process. While it is not typically severe, it can be uncomfortable and affect a person's quality of life.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus that causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. It is so common that most children have been infected with the virus by age 2. While RSV can infect adults as well, it is more severe in certain groups, including babies under 12 months, premature infants, older adults, people with heart and lung disease, and those with weakened immune systems.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a chronic neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, RLS is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often due to an uncomfortable sensation or feeling. This condition typically occurs in the evening or at night, when individuals are sitting or lying down, and can significantly disrupt sleep patterns.
Retinal detachment is a medical emergency that occurs when the retina, a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye, pulls away from its normal position. This separation can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. The retina is responsible for converting light into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain, allowing us to see. When the retina detaches, the retinal cells are no longer nourished by the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients.
Retinal diseases are a group of conditions that affect the retina, a thin layer of tissue on the inside back wall of the eye. The retina contains millions of light-sensitive cells, called rods and cones, and other nerve cells that receive and organize visual information. The retina sends this information to the brain through the optic nerve, enabling us to see. Retinal diseases can vary widely in terms of their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Retinoblastoma is a rare and aggressive form of eye cancer that affects young children, usually diagnosed before the age of 2. It is a type of cancer that originates in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. In this article, we will delve into the types, causes, risk factors, symptoms, prevention, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and management of retinoblastoma.
A retractile testicle is a condition where the testicle may move back and forth between the scrotum and the groin. This condition is more common in boys and usually resolves on its own during puberty. However, in some cases, the testicle may remain in the groin and become an ascending testicle or an acquired undescended testicle.
Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the way the brain develops, primarily affecting females. It is characterized by a progressive loss of motor skills and language, as well as the development of unusual hand movements and other neurological and developmental problems.
Reye's syndrome is a rare and life-threatening condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in children and teenagers who have recently had a viral infection, such as the flu or chickenpox. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in saving a child's life.
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that originates from the soft tissue of the body. It is a type of sarcoma, which is a cancer that develops in the connective tissue, such as muscle, fat, or bone. Rhabdomyosarcoma is more common in children and adolescents, but it can also occur in adults.