Barrett’s Esophagus

Overview

Barrett’s esophagus is a condition in which the flat pink lining of the swallowing tube (esophagus) becomes damaged due to chronic acid reflux. This condition increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Let’s delve into the details of Barrett’s esophagus, including its types, causes, symptoms, prevention, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and when to seek medical attention.

Types of Barrett’s Esophagus

1. Nondysplastic Barrett’s Esophagus: The cells show no significant changes.
2. Low-Grade Dysplasia: Mild cellular abnormalities.
3. High-Grade Dysplasia: Severe cellular changes, considered precancerous.
4. Frank Carcinoma: Advanced cancerous transformation.

Causes of Barrett’s Esophagus

• Chronic Inflammation: Prolonged exposure to stomach acid leads to cellular changes.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux damages the esophageal lining.

Risk Factors of Barrett’s Esophagus

• Family History: Genetic predisposition.
• Age: People above 50 are at higher risk.
• Gender: Men are more susceptible.
• Smoking and being overweight also contribute.

Symptoms of Barrett’s Esophagus

Preventions of Barrett’s Esophagus

• Maintain a Healthy Weight.
• Avoid Trigger Foods: Chocolate, coffee, alcohol.
• Quit Smoking.

Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus

• Endoscopy: Visual examination of esophageal tissue.
• Microscopic Examination: Determines tissue changes.
• Endoscopic Ultrasound: Detects abnormalities.

Treatment for Barrett’s Esophagus

1. Medication:
   • H2 Antagonists: Reduce acid influx.
2. Procedures:
   • Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Removal of damaged cells.
   • Radiofrequency Ablation: Heat-based removal.
3. Therapies:
   • Cryotherapy: Freezing abnormal cells.
   • Photodynamic Therapy: Sensitizing cells to light.

When to seek medical attention ?

• If you experience persistent reflux symptoms or difficulty swallowing.
• Regular follow-ups are essential for monitoring changes.