Overview
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It is the second-leading cause of death globally. However, advancements in screening, treatment, and prevention have improved survival rates.
Types of cancer
Some common types of cancer are:
- Breast Cancer: Begins in the cells of the breasts.
- Lung Cancer: Starts in the lungs and is often caused by smoking.
- Prostate Cancer: Affects the prostate gland in men.
- Colon Cancer: Begins in the large intestine (colon).
- Skin Cancer: Starts in the skin cells and is the most common cancer type.
Causes of cancer
Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells. The DNA inside a cell is packaged into a large number of individual genes, each of which contains a set of instructions telling the cell what functions to perform, as well as how to grow and divide.
Risk Factors of cancer
Several factors may increase your risk of cancer, including:
- Age: Cancer can take decades to develop.
- Habits: Certain lifestyle choices are known to increase your risk of cancer.
- Family History: Only a small portion of cancers are due to an inherited condition.
Symptoms of cancer
Preventions of cancer
While it’s not possible to completely prevent cancer, you can reduce your risk if you:
- Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight.
- Don’t smoke.
- Protect yourself from the sun.
Diagnosis of cancer
Diagnosis of cancer begins with a thorough physical exam and a complete medical history. Laboratory studies of blood, urine, and stool can detect abnormalities that may indicate cancer.
Treatment for cancer
Cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer, the stage of the cancer, age, health status, and additional personal characteristics. There is no single treatment for cancer, and patients often receive a combination of therapies and palliative care.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you have any signs or symptoms that worry you, make an appointment with your doctor. Your doctor will likely ask you about your medical history to learn more about your symptoms. The doctor may also perform a physical exam to look for signs of cancer.
