Overview
Cavities, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, are areas of damage on the hard surface of your teeth. These tiny openings or holes can lead to serious toothaches, infections, and even tooth loss. Cavities are among the most common health problems worldwide and can affect anyone with teeth, including infants.
Types of Cavities
- Smooth Surface Cavities: These occur on the smooth sides of your teeth.
- Root Cavities: Form on the surface over the roots of your teeth.
- Pit and Fissure Cavities: Develop on the chewing surfaces of your teeth, especially in the grooves and pits.
Causes of Cavities
Cavities result from a combination of factors:
- Bacteria in Your Mouth: Harmful bacteria feed on sugars and starches, producing acids that erode tooth enamel.
- Frequent Snacking: Regular snacking without proper oral hygiene can contribute to cavity formation.
- Sipping Sugary Drinks: Beverages high in sugar can accelerate tooth decay.
- Inadequate Teeth Cleaning: Poor brushing and flossing habits allow plaque to accumulate.
Risk Factors of Cavities
Certain factors increase your risk of developing cavities:
- Tooth Location: Molars and premolars (back teeth) are more prone due to their grooves and pits.
- Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Conditions or medications causing dry mouth raise the risk.
- Diet High in Sugars and Starches: Consuming sweet and starchy foods contributes to cavity formation.
- Family History: Genetics play a role in susceptibility to tooth decay.
Symptoms of Cavities
The symptoms vary based on cavity size and location:1. Toothache and Pain: As decay progresses, you may experience toothache or sensitivity.
2. Tooth Sensitivity: Hot, cold, or sweet foods/drinks can cause discomfort.
3. Visible Holes or Staining: You might notice pits, holes, or discoloration on your teeth.
Preventions of Cavities
- Regular Dental Visits: Routine checkups help detect cavities early.
- Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing and flossing effectively remove plaque.
- Limit Sugary Snacks and Drinks: Reduce sugar intake to protect your teeth.
Diagnosis of Cavities
- Dental Examination: Dentists check for soft areas and use X-rays to identify cavities.
- Assessment of Severity: Determining the extent of decay guides treatment.
Treatment for Cavities
- Dental Fillings: To restore damaged teeth.
- Root Canal Therapy: For severe cases involving pulp infection.
- Tooth Extraction: When decay is extensive.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience toothache or mouth pain, seek dental care promptly.
