Overview
Cellulitis is a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin. It typically presents as swollen, inflamed skin that is painful and warm to the touch. Although it usually occurs on the lower legs, it can also affect other areas such as the face and arms. If left untreated, cellulitis can spread to the lymph nodes and bloodstream, becoming life-threatening.
Types of Cellulitis
- Staphylococcal Cellulitis (Purulent Cellulitis):
- Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
- Often associated with pus, fluid, or abscesses.
- Streptococcal Cellulitis:
- Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- May develop after an incision, burn, wound, or trauma.
- Other Types:
- Perianal Cellulitis: Affects the anal area, often due to streptococcal infection.
- Breast Cellulitis: Typically appears on the lower half of the breast.
- Periorbital Cellulitis: Impacts the skin around the eye.
Causes of Cellulitis
- Bacterial infection, commonly by streptococcus and staphylococcus.
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly serious form of staph infection.
Risk Factors of Cellulitis
Risk factors include injuries (cuts, fractures, burns), weakened immune system, skin conditions (eczema, athlete’s foot), and chronic swelling (lymphedema).
Symptoms of Cellulitis
1. Localized Symptoms: Red area of skin that expands rapidly.
Swelling, tenderness, and warmth.
Pain, fever, and chills.
Spots, blisters, and skin dimpling.
2. Severe Cases: Shaking, fatigue, dizziness, and muscle aches.
Preventions of Cellulitis
- Practice good hygiene.
- Wear well-fitting shoes and avoid walking barefoot.
- Keep skin clean and moisturized.
- Promptly treat any wounds or skin conditions.
Diagnosis of Cellulitis
- Physical examination.
- Blood tests (complete blood count).
- Imaging (X-rays, CT, MRI) to assess depth of infection.
- Wound culture to identify causative bacteria.
Treatment for Cellulitis
- Antibiotics (e.g., Dicloxacillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin):
- Chosen based on suspected bacterium.
- Cephalosporins for cellulitis without abscess.
- Self-Care:
- Rest and elevate the affected limb.
- Surgery (rare cases):
- Drainage of pus and dead cells.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Seek emergency care if:
- Rapidly changing rash or fever.
- See a healthcare provider within the same day if:
- Swollen, tender, warm rash that’s expanding (without fever).
