Cervical Dystonia

Overview

Cervical dystonia, also known as spasmodic torticollis, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions in the neck. These contractions cause abnormal movements and postures of the neck and head. Individuals with cervical dystonia experience repetitive twisting movements, which can be intermittent, in spasms, or constant. The severity of the condition varies, and it can be painful and disabling for some patients.

Types of Cervical Dystonia

Cervical dystonia presents in different forms:

1. Torticollis: The most common type, where the chin is pulled toward the shoulder.
2. Laterocollis: Involves abnormal tilting of the head to one side.
3. Anterocollis: Causes the head to uncontrollably tilt forward.
4. Retrocollis: Results in backward tilting of the head.

Causes of Cervical Dystonia

The exact cause of cervical dystonia remains unknown in most cases. However, several factors may contribute:

• Genetics: Some individuals have a family history of the disorder, suggesting a genetic component.
• Gene Mutations: Researchers have identified gene mutations associated with cervical dystonia.
• Injury: Head, neck, or shoulder injuries may trigger the condition.

Risk Factors of Cervical Dystonia

Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing cervical dystonia:

• Age: Although it can occur at any age, cervical dystonia most commonly begins after age 30.
• Gender: Women are more susceptible than men.
• Family History: If a close family member has cervical dystonia or another type of dystonia, your risk increases.

Symptoms of Cervical Dystonia

Preventions of Cervical Dystonia

While cervical dystonia cannot be entirely prevented, certain measures may help manage symptoms:

• Physical Therapy: Strengthening neck muscles and improving posture.
• Stress Reduction: Stress exacerbates symptoms, so stress management techniques are essential.
• Avoiding Trigger Factors: Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen symptoms.

Diagnosis of Cervical Dystonia

Diagnosing cervical dystonia involves a thorough clinical evaluation, including:

• Medical History: Assessing symptoms, family history, and potential triggers.
• Physical Examination: Observing abnormal head postures and muscle contractions.
• Imaging: MRI or CT scans to rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Cervical Dystonia

While there is no cure for cervical dystonia, several approaches can help manage symptoms:

• Botulinum Toxin Injections: Injecting botulinum toxin into affected muscles reduces signs and symptoms.
• Medications: Anticholinergic drugs or muscle relaxants may provide relief.
• Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises and stretching.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options like deep brain stimulation may be considered.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience persistent neck pain, abnormal head movements, or other symptoms suggestive of cervical dystonia, seek medical evaluation promptly.