Cervical Spondylosis

Overview

Cervical spondylosis, commonly known as neck osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects the spinal disks and bones in the neck. As we age, wear and tear lead to changes in the cervical spine, resulting in symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility. Bone spurs may also develop along the edges of the vertebrae. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the various aspects of cervical spondylosis, from its causes and symptoms to treatment options and preventive measures.

Types of Cervical Spondylosis

1. Non-Specific Neck Pain: Localized pain within the spinal column.
2. Cervical Radiculopathy: Numbness, pain, or loss of function in the arms due to nerve compression.
3. Cervical Myelopathy: Damage to the spinal cord itself, leading to a cluster of complaints and findings.

Causes of Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis results from chronic wear on the neck spine. Key factors include:

• Dehydrated Disks: As spinal disks dry out and shrink, bone-on-bone contact between vertebrae increases.
• Herniated Disks: Cracks in the exterior of spinal disks allow the soft interior to press on the spinal cord and nerve roots.
• Bone Spurs: The body produces extra bone in an attempt to strengthen the spine, which can sometimes pinch the spinal cord and nerves.
• Stiff Ligaments: Age-related stiffening of spinal ligaments reduces neck flexibility.

Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylosis

• Age: Cervical spondylosis is common as part of aging.
• Occupation: Jobs involving repetitive neck motions or overhead work increase the risk.
• Neck Injuries: Previous neck injuries raise susceptibility.
• Genetic Factors: Family history may play a role.

Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis

Preventions of Cervical Spondylosis

1. Maintain Good Posture:

   • Be mindful of your posture, especially when sitting or working at a desk.
   • Use an ergonomic chair and adjust your computer monitor to eye level.
   • Avoid prolonged periods of looking down at screens or devices.

2. Stay Active:

   • Regular exercise helps keep your neck muscles strong and flexible.
   • Incorporate neck stretches and gentle range-of-motion exercises.
   • Swimming, walking, and yoga are beneficial.

3. Avoid Repetitive Neck Movements:

   • If your job involves repetitive neck motions (such as lifting heavy objects), take breaks and change positions frequently.
   • Use proper lifting techniques to minimize strain on your neck.

4. Use Proper Pillow Support:

   • Choose a pillow that supports the natural curve of your neck.
   • Avoid pillows that are too high or too flat.

5. Stay Hydrated:

   • Proper hydration helps maintain the health of spinal disks.
   • Drink plenty of water throughout the day.

6. Quit Smoking:

   • Smoking accelerates the degeneration of spinal disks.
   • Quitting smoking reduces your risk of cervical spondylosis.

7. Manage Stress:

   • Chronic stress can lead to muscle tension and exacerbate neck pain.
   • Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and meditation.

8. Ergonomic Workspace:

   • Arrange your workspace to minimize strain on your neck and shoulders.
   • Adjust your chair, keyboard, and monitor to promote a neutral neck position.

9. Regular Check-ups:

   • Visit your healthcare provider regularly for preventive screenings.
   • Address any neck pain or discomfort promptly.

10. Weight Management:

    • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your spine.
    • Excess weight can contribute to spinal degeneration.

Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis

Diagnosis based on symptoms and imaging tests.

• Physical examination.
• X-ray, myelogram, EEG, and nerve conduction tests.

Treatment for Cervical Spondylosis

• Treatment options:
  • Medication (anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, narcotics).
  • Orthopedic surgery (removal of bone spurs or herniated discs).
  • Physical therapy (relieve pressure on discs and nerves).
  • Dietary considerations (anti-inflammatory foods, avoiding certain foods).

When to seek medical attention ?

Sudden onset of numbness, weakness, or loss of bladder/bowel control.