Overview
Chilblains, also known as perniosis, is a condition characterized by inflamed, swollen patches and blistering on the hands and feet. It typically occurs due to exposure to damp, cold air that is not freezing. Although uncomfortable, chilblains usually resolve within a few weeks, especially as the weather becomes warmer.
Types of Chilblains
Chilblains can manifest in various forms, including:
- Classic Chilblains: The most common type, presenting as red or purple patches with itching and swelling.
- Atypical Chilblains: These may appear as blue or dark-colored lesions and are often associated with underlying medical conditions.
Causes of Chilblains
Chilblains occur when small blood vessels near the skin’s surface constrict in response to cold exposure. The exact cause is not fully understood.
Risk Factors of Chilblains
Risk factors include:
- Tight Clothing: Wearing snug-fitting garments and shoes in cold, damp weather increases susceptibility.
- Gender and Age: Females aged 15 to 30 are most commonly affected.
- Low Body Mass Index (BMI): Being underweight may contribute.
- Living in Cold, Humid Areas: Damp climates elevate the risk.
- Certain Medical Conditions: Conditions affecting circulation or autoimmune disorders may play a role.
Symptoms of Chilblains
Recognizing chilblains involves paying attention to the following symptoms:Preventions of Chilblains
To prevent chilblains:
- Limit Cold Exposure: Minimize time spent in cold environments.
- Dress Warmly: Wear loose layers, mittens, scarves, and warm, water-resistant footwear.
- Keep Skin Dry and Warm: Avoid dampness and maintain good circulation.
- Avoid Direct Heat: Gradually rewarm cold skin using indirect methods, such as warm socks.
Diagnosis of Chilblains
Healthcare providers diagnose chilblains based on clinical examination and medical history. No specific tests are typically required.
Treatment for Chilblains
Treatment focuses on symptom relief:
- Self-Care: Keep the affected skin warm and dry.
- Topical Corticosteroids: For sores, apply triamcinolone 0.1% cream.
- Blood Pressure Medication: Nifedipine (Procardia) may be prescribed for non-responsive cases.
When to seek medical attention ?
Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist, worsen, or if infection is suspected.
