Overview
Cholecystitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located below the liver, plays a crucial role in storing bile—a fluid that aids in digesting fats in the small intestine. When the gallbladder becomes inflamed, it can cause significant discomfort and health complications.
Types of Cholecystitis
- Gallstone-Associated Cholecystitis: This type accounts for 90% to 95% of cases. It occurs due to gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct, leading to inflammation.
- Acalculous Cholecystitis: Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with acute cholecystitis experience this type. It occurs without gallstones, often in critically ill individuals.
Causes of Cholecystitis
- Gallstones: The primary cause of acute cholecystitis is gallstones blocking the cystic duct.
- Acalculous Cholecystitis: Typically associated with severe critical illness, trauma, or prolonged fasting.
- Infection: Bacterial infection can lead to gallbladder inflammation.
Risk Factors of Cholecystitis
- Gender: Women are more prone to gallstones and, consequently, cholecystitis.
- Obesity: Excess body weight increases the risk.
- Age: Older adults face a higher risk.
- Rapid Weight Loss: Crash diets or extreme weight loss can trigger cholecystitis.
Symptoms of Cholecystitis
1. Acute Right Upper Quadrant Pain: Intense pain in the upper right abdomen.
2. Fever: Elevated body temperature.
3. Nausea: Feeling queasy.
4. Tenderness: Tenderness upon physical examination of the right upper quadrant.
Preventions of Cholecystitis
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Avoid rapid weight loss.
- Balanced Diet: Consume a diet rich in fiber and low in saturated fats.
- Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration helps prevent gallstone formation.
Diagnosis of Cholecystitis
- Ultrasonography: Detects gallstones and inflammation.
- Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy: Gold standard test when ultrasound results are inconclusive.
Treatment for Cholecystitis
- Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Preferred within 1-3 days of diagnosis for better outcomes.
- Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube: For high-risk patients.
- Delayed Surgery: Reserved for specific cases.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention promptly if you experience severe abdominal pain, fever, or nausea.