Overview
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor that primarily occurs in the spine or the base of the skull. It originates from cells that once formed part of the developing embryo and eventually become the spinal disks. Let’s delve deeper into this condition.
Types of Chordoma
- Classic/Conventional Chordoma:
- Represents 80% to 90% of all cases.
- Composed of unique “bubbly” cells.
- Often found in the base of the skull or along the spine.
- Chondroid Chordoma (a variant of classic chordoma):
- Accounts for 5% to 15% of cases.
- Commonly forms in the base of the skull.
- Dedifferentiated Chordoma:
- Rare (less than 5% of cases).
- Mix of abnormal cells.
- Aggressive, faster-growing, and more likely to metastasize.
- Poorly Differentiated Chordoma:
- Extremely rare (fewer than 60 cases recorded).
- Characterized by the deletion of the SMARCB1 gene.
- Affects children and young adults.
Causes of Chordoma
The exact cause of chordoma remains unclear. However, it is associated with remnants of the embryonic notochord, which plays a role in the development of the spine.
Risk Factors of Chordoma
- Age: Most common in adults aged 50 to 80.
- Gender: Men are approximately 1.5 times more likely to develop chordoma than women.
Symptoms of Chordoma
Chordomas grow slowly and may cause the following symptoms:1. Pain: Due to pressure on nearby bones and soft tissues.
2. Headaches: Especially if the tumor affects the skull base.
3. Numbness and Weakness: Resulting from nerve compression.
4. Vision Problems: If the tumor affects the optic nerves.
Preventions of Chordoma
As the exact cause is unknown, specific prevention strategies are challenging. However, early detection and prompt treatment are crucial.
Diagnosis of Chordoma
- Imaging (MRI, CT scans) to visualize the tumor.
- Biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
- Consultation with a specialist.
Treatment for Chordoma
- Surgical Removal: First-line treatment, but challenging due to tumor location.
- Radiation Therapy: Used to target remaining tumor cells.
- Chemotherapy: Limited effectiveness.
- Targeted Therapies: Investigational approaches.
- Palliative Care: To manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience persistent pain, weakness, or other symptoms, consult a healthcare professional promptly.
