Chronic Cough

Overview

A chronic cough is more than just an annoyance; it’s a persistent cough that lasts for eight weeks or longer in adults or four weeks in children. Let’s delve into the details of this common condition.

Types of Chronic Cough

1. Asthmatic Cough:

   • Associated with asthma.
   • Characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasm.

2. Postnasal Drip Cough:

   • Caused by excessive mucus dripping down the back of the throat.

3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Cough:

   • Triggered by stomach acid reflux into the esophagus.

4. Chronic Bronchitis Cough:

   • Linked to chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

5. Idiopathic Cough:

   • No identifiable cause despite thorough evaluation.

Causes of Chronic Cough

Common causes include:

• Asthma: Inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
• Allergies: Exposure to allergens triggers coughing.
• GERD: Acid reflux irritates the throat.
• Chronic Bronchitis: Persistent inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
• Medications: Certain medications can cause a chronic cough.
• Smoking: Tobacco smoke damages the airways.
• Infections: Prolonged respiratory infections may lead to chronic cough.

Risk Factors of Chronic Cough

Several factors increase the risk of developing a chronic cough:

• Smoking: Active or passive smoking.
• Occupational Exposures: Dust, chemicals, or pollutants.
• Age: Older adults are more prone.
• Gender: Women tend to experience chronic cough more frequently.

Symptoms of Chronic Cough

Preventions of Chronic Cough

Take these preventive measures:

• Avoid Smoking: Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.
• Manage Allergies: Identify and manage allergens.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids.
• Treat Underlying Conditions: Address GERD, asthma, or other related conditions.

Diagnosis of Chronic Cough

• Medical History: Detailed discussion with a healthcare provider.
• Physical Examination: Assess lung function and overall health.
• Chest X-rays: To rule out structural abnormalities.
• Pulmonary Function Tests: Measure lung capacity.
• Bronchoscopy: Visual examination of the airways.

Treatment for Chronic Cough

• Address Underlying Cause: Treat asthma, GERD, or other conditions.
• Cough Suppressants: For symptomatic relief.
• Inhaled Corticosteroids: Manage airway inflammation.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Avoid triggers, stay hydrated, and maintain good hygiene.

When to seek medical attention ?

• If the chronic cough persists beyond the specified duration.
• If additional symptoms (such as blood in sputum, chest pain, or shortness of breath) occur.