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Chronic Headache

Diseases and Conditions Chronic Headache
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
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Overview

Most people experience occasional headaches, but if you find yourself having headaches more days than not, you might be dealing with chronic daily headaches. Unlike specific headache types, chronic daily headaches encompass various subtypes. The term “chronic” refers to both the frequency of occurrence (15 days or more per month) and the duration of the condition.

Types of Chronic Headache

Chronic Migraine

  • Occurs in individuals with a history of episodic migraines.
  • Features include:
    • Affecting one or both sides of the head.
    • Pulsating, throbbing pain.
    • Moderate to severe intensity.
    • Aggravation by routine physical activity.
    • Associated nausea or vomiting.

2. Tension-Type Headache (TTH)

  • Common and often described as a “band-like” pressure around the head.
  • May result from muscle tension in the neck, shoulders, and scalp.
  • Stress, fatigue, and eye strain can trigger TTH.

3. New Daily Persistent Headache (NDPH)

  • Sudden onset of persistent headache without a clear cause.
  • Lasts longer than four hours.
  • Possible triggers include changes in spinal fluid pressure, infections, or head injuries.

Causes of Chronic Headache

  • Muscle Tension: Chronic tension in neck and scalp muscles.
  • Stress: Emotional or physical stress can contribute.
  • Sleep Deprivation: Lack of restful sleep.
  • Eye Strain: Prolonged screen time or poor vision.
  • Caffeine and Alcohol: Excessive consumption.
  • Dehydration: Inadequate fluid intake.

Risk Factors of Chronic Headache

  • Gender: Women are more prone to chronic daily headaches.
  • Age: Common in young adults.
  • Family History: Genetic predisposition.
  • Other Health Conditions: Anxiety, depression, or sleep disorders.

Symptoms of Chronic Headache

1. Throbbing or Tightening Sensation: Individuals with chronic daily headaches often experience a throbbing or tightening sensation around the head. The pain may be localized to one side or affect both sides of the head. The intensity can range from mild to severe, impacting daily activities.
2. Nausea and vomiting: Chronic headaches frequently lead to nausea and, in some cases, vomiting. The discomfort associated with the headache can trigger these symptoms. Nausea may worsen during an active headache episode.
3. Sensitivity to Light (Photophobia): Bright lights, including natural sunlight or artificial lighting, can exacerbate chronic headaches. Individuals may find relief by dimming the lights or wearing sunglasses.
4. Sensitivity to Sound (Phonophobia): Loud noises or even moderate sounds can intensify headache pain. Phonophobia often accompanies chronic daily headaches.
5. Sensitivity to Smells (Osmophobia): Certain odors or strong smells may trigger or worsen headaches. Individuals may become more aware of smells during a headache episode.
6. Having Difficulty Concentrating: Chronic headaches can impair cognitive function. Individuals may struggle with focus, memory, and attention.
7. Irritability and Mood Changes: The persistent pain and discomfort can lead to irritability and mood swings. Anxiety and frustration are common emotional responses.
8. Neck and Shoulder Tension: Muscle tension in the neck and shoulders often accompanies chronic headaches. Individuals may feel tightness or stiffness in these areas.
9. Lack of Energy (Fatigue): Frequent headaches can drain energy levels. Individuals may feel fatigued even after a good night’s sleep.
10. Sleep Disturbances: Chronic headaches may disrupt sleep patterns. Insomnia or poor-quality sleep can exacerbate headache symptoms.

Preventions of Chronic Headache

  • Stress Management: Relaxation techniques, exercise, and mindfulness.
  • Healthy Lifestyle: Regular sleep, balanced diet, and hydration.
  • Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Moderation is key.
  • Eye Care: Regular eye exams and breaks from screens.
  • Physical Activity: Regular exercise to reduce muscle tension.

Diagnosis of Chronic Headache

  • Medical history and physical examination.
  • Imaging tests (CT scan or MRI) to rule out underlying conditions.

Treatment for Chronic Headache

  1. Lifestyle Modifications:

    • Stress reduction techniques.
    • Regular sleep patterns.
    • Hydration and balanced nutrition.

  2. Medications:

    • Pain relievers (avoid overuse).
    • Preventive medications (e.g., amitriptyline, topiramate).

  3. Behavioral Therapies:

    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
    • Biofeedback.

When to seek medical attention ?

  • If you experience frequent headaches.
  • If headaches interfere with daily life.
  • Seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management.