Overview
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that originates in the blood and bone marrow. The term “chronic” signifies the slow progression of the disease, while “lymphocytic” refers to the white blood cells called lymphocytes affected by the disease. CLL primarily affects older adults and there are treatments available to control the disease.
Types of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
These are the main types :
- B-cell CLL: This is the most common type of CLL, involving mature B cells.
- T-cell CLL: A rare type of CLL, it involves T cells.
Causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The exact cause of CLL is not known. However, it begins when some blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA.
Risk Factors of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Age: CLL is most common in older adults.
- Gender: Men are more likely to develop CLL than women.
Symptoms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The symptoms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) are :1. Fatigue: This is a common symptom where the patient feels tired or exhausted most of the time. It’s not the usual tiredness that goes away with rest. It can be due to the body’s increased need to produce blood cells to replace those affected by CLL.
2. Enlarged lymph nodes: Lymph nodes, small glands that produce and store cells that fight infection, may become enlarged in CLL. This can result in noticeable lumps under the skin, particularly in the neck, armpit, or groin area.
3. Fever or night sweats: These can be due to the body’s response to an infection or from the CLL itself.
4. Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss, without changes in diet or exercise, can be a symptom of CLL.
5. Frequent infections: The abnormal lymphocytes of CLL aren’t effective at fighting off infection, leading to an increased risk of frequent infections.
6. Shortness of Breath: Anemia caused by CLL can lead to shortness of breath.
7. Easy bruising or bleeding: This can be due to a decrease in the number of platelets, which are needed for blood clotting.
Preventions of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
While there’s no sure way to prevent CLL, regular check-ups can help in early detection.
Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Physical Exam: Doctors may check for swollen lymph nodes.
- Blood Tests: These can determine the number of lymphocytes.
Treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Watchful Waiting: For early-stage CLL, doctors may suggest monitoring the condition.
- Chemotherapy: This is often used to treat CLL.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you notice any potential symptoms of CLL, such as fatigue or swollen lymph nodes, it’s important to consult a doctor.