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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Diseases and Conditions Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
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Overview

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a rare type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow. It primarily affects white blood cells. Unlike acute forms of leukemia, CML progresses more slowly. Let’s explore the key aspects of this condition.

Types of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

CML can be categorized into three phases:

  1. Chronic Phase: In this early stage, patients may not experience noticeable symptoms.
  2. Accelerated Phase: The disease progresses, and symptoms become more pronounced.
  3. Blastic Phase: This advanced stage is characterized by rapid cell growth and severe symptoms.

Causes of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

The primary cause of CML is a genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. This occurs due to a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The resulting fusion gene, BCR-ABL, leads to uncontrolled cell growth. 

Risk Factors of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Other risk factors include exposure to radiation, chemicals (such as benzene), and certain occupations.

Symptoms of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Symptoms of CML may include:
1. Fatigue
2. Bone pain
3. Easy bleeding
4. Weight Loss
5. Fever or night sweats
6. Abnormal bruising
7. Enlarged spleen (tenderness on the left side of the abdomen)
8. Blurry vision (due to bleeding in the eye)

Preventions of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

  1. Avoid High-Dose Radiation Exposure:

    • Exposure to high doses of radiation is a potential risk factor for CML. However, this applies to very few people. If you work in an occupation where radiation exposure is a concern, follow safety protocols and minimize exposure.

  2. Lifestyle Choices:

    • Although lifestyle changes cannot guarantee prevention, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can support overall well-being:
      • Diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Adequate nutrition supports your immune system.
      • Exercise: Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and promotes overall health.
      • Avoid Harmful Chemicals: Limit exposure to chemicals such as benzene, which may be associated with CML risk.
      • No Smoking: If you smoke, consider quitting. Smoking is a risk factor for various cancers, although its direct link to CML is not well-established.

  3. Occupational Safety:

    • If your job involves exposure to chemicals or radiation (e.g., agricultural work, plastic manufacturing, or other risk occupations), use appropriate safety gear and follow safety guidelines.

Diagnosis of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

CML is often detected during routine blood tests. Diagnostic methods include:

  • Blood tests (to assess white blood cell abnormalities)
  • CT scans (to check for organ involvement)
  • Bone marrow biopsy (to confirm diagnosis)
  • Genetic testing (identifying the Philadelphia chromosome)

Treatment for Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach:

  • Medication: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as Imatinib, Nilotinib, and Dasatinib) target the BCR-ABL protein.
  • Stem Cell Transplant: Used when other treatments fail.
  • Diet and Lifestyle: Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid exposure to harmful chemicals.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience persistent symptoms or suspect CML, seek medical attention promptly.