Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung condition characterized by restricted airflow and breathing difficulties. It encompasses two main conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Let’s delve into the specifics:

• Emphysema: Refers to the destruction of tiny air sacs (alveoli) at the end of the airways in the lungs.
• Chronic Bronchitis: Involves chronic cough with phlegm due to inflammation in the airways.

Types of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

COPD can manifest in different ways:

1. Emphysema: Alveolar damage leading to impaired gas exchange.
2. Chronic Bronchitis: Persistent inflammation of the airways.

Causes of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

COPD develops gradually due to a combination of risk factors:

• Tobacco Exposure: Active smoking or passive exposure to secondhand smoke.
• Occupational Exposure: Dusts, fumes, or chemicals.
• Air Pollution: Household and outdoor pollutants.

Risk Factors of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Tobacco Smoking: Accounts for over 70% of COPD cases in high-income countries.
• Household Air Pollution: A major risk factor in low- and middle-income countries.

Symptoms of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Preventions of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Avoid Smoking: The most critical preventive measure.
• Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution
• Vaccinations: Protect against infections.

Diagnosis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Pulmonary Function Testing: Measures lung function.
• Imaging: Chest X-rays or CT scans.
• Medical History and Physical Examination

Treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Medications: Bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics.
• Oxygen Therapy: For severe cases.
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Exercise and education programs.

When to seek medical attention ?

Persistent Symptoms: Seek medical attention promptly.