Overview
A common cold is a viral infection affecting the nose and throat. It’s one of the most frequent illnesses, especially in babies. Nasal congestion and a runny nose are the hallmark signs. Babies, due to their exposure to older children and lack of immunity, are particularly susceptible
Types of Common Cold in Babies
- Rhinovirus: This is the most frequent cause of colds. It’s responsible for those sniffles and sneezes.
- Coronavirus: Not the same as the severe COVID-19 coronavirus. It causes mild to moderate cold symptoms.
- Adenovirus: Less common but can lead to more severe symptoms, including fever and sore throat.
Causes of Common Cold in Babies
- Viral Transmission: Colds spread easily from person to person, especially during the first two days of symptoms.
- Direct Contact: Touching contaminated surfaces or close contact with an infected person.
Risk Factors of Common Cold in Babies
- Age: Babies lack immunity, making them more susceptible.
- Child Care Centers: Exposure to other children increases the risk.
- Season: Colds are more prevalent in fall and winter.
Symptoms of Common Cold in Babies
1. Congested or Runny Nose: Nasal discharge starts clear and may turn yellow or green.
2. Fever: A mild elevation in body temperature.
3. Pulsating feeling near the navel
4. Sneezing: Frequent sneezing due to nasal irritation.
5. Coughing and Aspiration: Dry or productive cough.
6. Decreased Appetite: Discomfort may lead to reduced feeding.
7. Impulsivity and Irritability: Fussiness and restlessness.
8. Sleep Disturbances: Nasal congestion affects sleep quality.
9. Feeding Challenges: Blocked nasal passages can hinder nursing or bottle-feeding.
Preventions of Common Cold in Babies
- Hand Hygiene: Frequent handwashing is crucial.
- Limit Exposure: Avoid contact with sick individuals.
- Breastfeeding: Provides antibodies to boost the baby’s immunity.
Diagnosis of Common Cold in Babies
- Clinical Assessment: Based on symptoms and physical examination.
- Laboratory Tests: Rarely needed for routine colds.
Treatment for Common Cold in Babies
- Symptomatic Relief:
- Fluids: Keep the baby hydrated.
- Humidified Air: Use a humidifier to ease congestion.
- Saline Drops: Clear nasal passages.
- Medications:
- Acetaminophen: For fever and discomfort.
- Avoid Over-the-Counter Cold Medicines: Not recommended for infants.
- Rest and Comfort:
- Ensure adequate rest.
- Elevate the baby’s head during sleep.
- Consult a Doctor:
- Very young infants should see a doctor promptly.
- Seek medical help if symptoms worsen or persist.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Age < 3 Months: Immediate evaluation for serious illnesses.
- Age ≥ 3 Months:
- Worsening Symptoms: Persistent fever, severe cough, or difficulty breathing.
- Other Concerns: Unusual behavior, eye discharge, or refusal to feed.
