Overview
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. It typically occurs due to an impact to the head or body, resulting in altered brain function. Common effects of concussions include headaches, trouble with concentration, memory issues, balance problems, mood changes, and disrupted sleep.
Types of concussion
- Direct Impact Concussion: Caused by a direct blow to the head.
- Acceleration-Deceleration Concussion: Results from rapid acceleration or deceleration forces (e.g., whiplash).
- Rotational Concussion: Occurs when the head rapidly rotates (e.g., sports-related injuries).
Causes of concussion
- Head Trauma: Falls, sports injuries, motor vehicle accidents, or physical altercations.
- Body Impact: A strong force that causes the head to jerk backward, forward, or sideways.
Risk Factors of concussion
- Age: Children and older adults are more susceptible.
- Gender: Males tend to experience more concussions.
- Sports Participation: High-risk sports like football, soccer, and boxing.
- Previous Concussions: Increases the risk of subsequent ones.
Symptoms of concussion
1. Headaches: Persistent or recurrent headaches.
2. Cognitive Issues: Trouble with thinking, concentration, and memory.
3. Balance Problems: Dizziness and unsteadiness.
4. Mood Changes: Irritability, anxiety, or depression.
5. Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns.
Preventions of concussion
- Protective Gear: Helmets and appropriate sports equipment.
- Safe Practices: Follow safety guidelines during sports and recreational activities.
- Avoid Risky Behavior: Prevent falls and minimize head trauma.
Diagnosis of concussion
- Clinical Assessment: Based on symptoms, medical history, and physical examination.
- Imaging: CT scans or MRI to rule out other brain injuries.
Treatment for concussion
- Rest and Recovery: Allow the brain to heal.
- Gradual Return to Activity: Follow medical advice.
- Symptom Management: Address headaches, sleep disturbances, and mood changes.
- Rehabilitation: Cognitive and physical therapy.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience severe symptoms, loss of consciousness, or worsening symptoms.