Overview
Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition characterized by an itchy rash that occurs when your skin comes into contact with an irritating substance.
Types of Contact dermatitis
It can be broadly categorized into two types:
-
Allergic Contact Dermatitis:
- Description: An allergic reaction to specific substances (allergens) that your body doesn’t tolerate.
- Common Allergens: Jewelry metals (like nickel), cosmetics, fragrances, and preservatives.
- Onset: Itchy rash develops several days after exposure.
-
Irritant Contact Dermatitis:
- Description: A painful rash caused by direct exposure to irritating substances.
- Common Irritants: Detergents, soaps, cleaners, and acids.
- Onset: Rapid response to irritants.
Causes of Contact dermatitis
- Allergens: Trigger an allergic response (e.g., poison ivy, latex gloves, cosmetics).
- Irritants: Cause irritation (e.g., bleach, solvents, detergents).
Risk Factors of Contact dermatitis
- Professions at High Risk:
- Construction workers
- Florists
- Food handlers
- Hairstylists
- Healthcare providers
- Janitors and plumbers
- Mechanics
- Artists.
Symptoms of Contact dermatitis
1. Skin rash appears within minutes to hours of exposure
2. Extreme itching.
3. Redness.
4. Blisters.
5. Swelling.
6. Dry skin.
Preventions of Contact dermatitis
- Avoidance:
- Stay away from allergens or irritants.
- Wash skin promptly if exposed.
Diagnosis of Contact dermatitis
- Physical Examination:
- Assess rash pattern and intensity.
- Patch Test:
- Apply potential allergens to adhesive patches for 2-3 days.
- Observe for allergic reactions.
Treatment for Contact dermatitis
- Identify and avoid the irritant/allergen.
- Medications:
- Topical steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone, clobetasol) to reduce inflammation.
- Antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine) for allergic response.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.
