Overview
Craniopharyngioma is a rare, noncancerous brain tumor that originates near the pituitary gland. It arises from remnants of Rathke’s pouch, an embryonic structure involved in pituitary development. Although benign, craniopharyngiomas can cause significant morbidity due to their location near critical brain structures.
Types of Craniopharyngioma
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma
- Most common type.
- Composed of cystic and solid components.
- Associated with CTNNB1 mutations.
- Presents with symptoms related to mass effect (e.g., headaches, visual disturbances).
b. Papillary Craniopharyngioma
- Less common.
- Primarily solid with minimal cystic areas.
- Associated with BRAF mutations.
- May have a more aggressive clinical course.
Causes of Craniopharyngioma
The exact cause remains unclear, but abnormal embryonic development of Rathke’s pouch plays a role. Genetic mutations, especially in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, contribute to tumor formation.
Risk Factors of Craniopharyngioma
- Age: Most cases occur in children and young adults.
- Gender: Slight male predominance.
- Radiation Exposure: Previous head or brain radiation increases risk.
Symptoms of Craniopharyngioma
Common symptoms include:1. Visual Disturbances: Due to optic chiasm compression.
2. Headaches: Often persistent and severe.
3. Hormonal Imbalances: Resulting from pituitary dysfunction.
4. Behavioral Changes: Especially in pediatric cases.
Preventions of Craniopharyngioma
Early detection is crucial. Regular check-ups and awareness of symptoms help improve outcomes.
Diagnosis of Craniopharyngioma
- Imaging: MRI or CT scans reveal characteristic features.
- Hormonal Assessments: Evaluate pituitary function.
- Biopsy: Rarely necessary due to typical radiological findings.
Treatment for Craniopharyngioma
Options include:
- Surgery: Complete resection if feasible.
- Radiation Therapy: For residual or recurrent tumors.
- Hormone Replacement: To manage endocrine deficits.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms mentioned above. Early diagnosis improves outcomes.
