Overview
Croup, medically known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a contagious respiratory infection that primarily affects infants and young children. It leads to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway, causing characteristic symptoms such as a barking cough and difficulty breathing. While most cases are mild, severe episodes can be life-threatening.
Types of Croup
- Viral Croup: This is the most common form and is typically caused by viral infections, including influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and adenovirus.
- Spasmodic Croup: Characterized by recurrent episodes triggered by allergies or irritants. It tends to occur suddenly and often at night.
- Bacterial Croup: Less common than viral croup, it results from bacterial infections.
Causes of Croup
- Viral Infections: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses are common culprits.
- Transmission: Croup spreads through airborne droplets or direct contact with an infected person.
- Risk Factors: Children under 3 years old are more susceptible due to narrower airways. Boys are affected more frequently than girls.
Risk Factors of Croup
Risk Factors: Children under 3 years old are more susceptible due to narrower airways. Boys are affected more frequently than girls.
Symptoms of Croup
1. Barking Cough: The hallmark symptom, resembling a seal’s bark.
2. Hoarse Voice.
3. Stridor: High-pitched breathing sounds due to narrowed airway.
4. Labored Breathing.
5. Difficulty Swallowing.
6. Agitation and Anxiety
7. Bluish Skin Around Nose, Mouth, or Fingernails (severe cases).
Preventions of Croup
- Hand Hygiene: Regular hand-washing with soap and water.
- Avoid Exposure: Keep your child away from sick individuals.
- Cough Etiquette: Teach your child to cough or sneeze into their elbow.
- Surface Cleaning: Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
- Vaccinations: Ensure your child is up-to-date with recommended vaccines.
Diagnosis of Croup
- Physical Examination: The doctor listens for the characteristic cough and observes symptoms.
- Chest X-ray: To rule out other conditions.
Treatment for Croup
- Home Care:
- Cool Mist Humidifier: Helps soothe the airway.
- Steamy Bathroom: Steam can alleviate symptoms.
- Comfort Measures: Keep the child calm and engaged.
- Medications:
- Dexamethasone: Reduces inflammation.
- Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Manages fever.
- Epinephrine (Nebulized): For severe cases.
When to seek medical attention ?
If symptoms worsen or if your child experiences severe breathing difficulties.
