Dandruff

Overview

Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by the shedding of small, white or yellowish flakes of dead skin. Although it isn’t contagious or serious, dandruff can be embarrassing and cause discomfort. Let’s delve into the details of this condition.

Types of Dandruff

1. Simple Dandruff: Mild flaking of the scalp due to dry skin.
2. Seborrheic Dermatitis: A chronic form of eczema that leads to more severe dandruff. It causes red, scaly patches on the skin.
3. Yeast-Related Dandruff: Caused by an overgrowth of yeast-like fungus on the scalp.
4. Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction resulting in an itchy, red rash on the scalp.

Causes of Dandruff

Dandruff can occur due to various factors:

1. Dry Skin: When the skin on the scalp becomes excessively dry, it can lead to flaking.
2. Seborrheic Dermatitis: An inflammatory skin condition that affects areas with high sebum production.
3. Yeast Overgrowth: Malassezia globosa, a yeast, feeds on scalp oils and contributes to dandruff.
4. Contact Dermatitis: Allergic reactions to hair products or other substances.

Risk Factors of Dandruff

• Age: Young adults to middle-aged individuals are more prone to dandruff.
• Gender: Males tend to experience dandruff more frequently.
• Oily Scalp: Excess oil production increases the risk.
• Neurological Diseases: People with conditions like Parkinson’s disease may develop seborrheic dermatitis.

Symptoms of Dandruff

Preventions of Dandruff

To manage dandruff effectively, consider the following preventive measures:

• Frequent Shampooing: Regularly wash your hair to remove excess oil and dead skin cells.
• Stress Management: High stress levels can worsen dandruff.
• Healthy Diet: Ensure adequate intake of zinc, B vitamins, and healthy fats.

Diagnosis of Dandruff

Dandruff is usually self-diagnosable based on physical examination. Consult a dermatologist if needed.

Treatment for Dandruff

1. Cleansing Shampoos:
   • Zinc Pyrithione: Antibacterial shampoo for bacterial-related dandruff.
   • Selenium Sulfide and Salicylic Acid: Medicated shampoos to prevent scaling.
   • Ketoconazole: Antifungal shampoo for fungal-related dandruff.
2. Self-Care:
   • Manage stress.
   • Shampoo daily.

When to seek medical attention ?

If dandruff persists despite self-care measures, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and personalized treatment.