Overview
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disorder characterized by the enlargement and weakening of the heart chambers, particularly the left ventricle. This condition impairs the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms and complications.
Types of Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
- Idiopathic DCM: The cause is unknown.
- Ischemic DCM: Results from coronary artery disease or heart attacks.
- Inflammatory DCM: Linked to infections or autoimmune reactions.
- Genetic/Familial DCM: Runs in families due to inherited mutations.
Causes of Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
- Hereditary: Genetic factors play a role.
- Coronary Artery Disease: Reduced blood flow damages heart muscle.
- Infections: Viruses, bacteria, or fungi can weaken the heart.
- Toxins: Exposure to substances like lead, mercury, or alcohol.
- High Blood Pressure, Obesity, and Diabetes.
- Complications of Late-Stage Pregnancy.
Risk Factors of Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
- Family History: DCM tends to run in families.
- Heart Muscle Damage: From diseases like hemochromatosis.
Symptoms of Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
1. Fatigue
2. Shortness of breath.
3. Reduced Exercise Tolerance.
4. Swelling (Edema) in Legs and Abdomen.
5. Chest Pain or Discomfort.
6. Pulsating feeling near the navel
7. Palpitations.
Preventions of Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
- Healthy Lifestyle: Low-sodium diet, no smoking, limited alcohol, regular exercise.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight.
Diagnosis of Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
- Physical Examination
- Echocardiogram: Key diagnostic test.
- Blood Tests
- Chest X-ray
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Holter Monitor
- Cardiac CT or MRI Scan
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Genetic Screening
Treatment for Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM
- Medications:
- ACE inhibitors (e.g., Captopril, Lisinopril)
- Beta blockers (e.g., Atenolol, Carvedilol)
- Diuretics (e.g., Thiazide)
- Anticoagulants (e.g., Aspirin, Warfarin)
- Surgery:
- Valve repair
- Heart transplant (if other treatments fail).
