Overview
Dressler syndrome, also known as post-myocardial infarction syndrome, post-traumatic pericarditis, or post-cardiac injury syndrome, is characterized by inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It typically occurs weeks to months after a heart attack, surgery, or chest injury. Let’s delve into the specifics:
Types of Dressler syndrome
- Classic Dressler Syndrome: Develops after a heart attack (myocardial infarction).
- Post-Surgical Dressler Syndrome: Occurs following heart surgery or other cardiac procedures.
Causes of Dressler syndrome
The immune system responds to heart tissue damage by triggering inflammation in the pericardium. Common causes include:
- Heart Attack: Damage to heart tissue during a heart attack.
- Cardiac Surgery: Post-operative inflammation.
- Traumatic Injury: Chest trauma or injury.
Risk Factors of Dressler syndrome
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing Dressler syndrome:
- Heart Surgery: Especially after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
- Large Heart Attack: Extensive heart tissue damage.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Individuals with autoimmune disorders may be more susceptible.
Symptoms of Dressler syndrome
Symptoms of Dressler syndrome may include:Preventions of Dressler syndrome
Studies suggest that preoperative use of the anti-inflammatory medication colchicine may help prevent Dressler syndrome in patients undergoing heart surgery.
Diagnosis of Dressler syndrome
Diagnosis involves imaging (echocardiography, MRI) and blood tests. Evaluation includes assessing symptoms and monitoring complications.
Treatment for Dressler syndrome
Treatment focuses on symptom relief and reducing inflammation:
- Anti-Inflammatory Medications: NSAIDs or colchicine.
- Pericardial Drainage: If fluid accumulation is significant.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention if you experience sudden or persistent chest pain, especially after heart surgery or injury.
