Overview
Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, occurs when the salivary glands fail to produce sufficient saliva, leading to discomfort and potential health issues. While occasional dry mouth is normal, chronic xerostomia may indicate an underlying health condition. Let’s explore the various aspects of this condition.
Types of Dry mouth
There are two main types of xerostomia:
- Physiological Xerostomia: Occurs due to dehydration, anxiety, or stress.
- Pathological Xerostomia: Linked to underlying health conditions or medications.
Causes of Dry mouth
Common causes include:
- Medications: Certain drugs, such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and anticholinergics, can reduce saliva production.
- Health Conditions: Systemic autoimmune diseases (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disorders, Sjögren’s Syndrome) and mood/anxiety disorders.
- Radiation Therapy: Especially for head and neck cancer.
- Chemotherapy Drugs: Can affect salivary glands.
- Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake.
- Mouth Breathing: Leads to dryness.
Symptoms of Dry mouth
Recognize the signs:1. Sticky Sensation: Tongue sticking to the roof of the mouth.
2. Bad Breath.
3. Sore Throat.
4. Difficulty Eating, Speaking, or Swallowing.
5. Dry Nose.
6. Hoarseness.
7. Increased Thirst.
8. Lip, Tongue, and Mouth Sores.
9. Taste Disorders.
10. Trouble Wearing Dentures.
Preventions of Dry mouth
To manage xerostomia:
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water.
- Avoid Alcohol and Caffeine: These can worsen dry mouth.
- Chew Sugar-Free Gum: Stimulates saliva production.
- Use Saliva Substitutes: Available over-the-counter.
- Humidify Your Environment: Especially at night.
Diagnosis of Dry mouth
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent dry mouth. They will assess your medical history, perform physical examinations, and may order blood tests or imaging.
Treatment for Dry mouth
- Saliva Stimulants: Prescription medications or artificial saliva.
- Address Underlying Causes: Adjust medications or manage health conditions.
- Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Avoid tobacco and alcohol.
- Humidifiers: Use at home.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if dry mouth persists or worsens. Early intervention can prevent complications.
