Dust mite allergy

Overview

Dust mite allergy is an immune system response triggered by tiny bugs commonly found in house dust. These microscopic creatures, closely related to ticks and spiders, thrive in warm, humid environments. Common signs of dust mite allergy include sneezing, a runny nose, and itchy eyes. Many individuals with this allergy also experience asthma symptoms, such as wheezing and difficulty breathing.

Types of Dust mite allergy

1. House Dust Mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae): These two species are the primary culprits behind dust mite allergies. They feed on skin cells shed by humans and pets.
2. Storage Mites: These mites infest stored food products, such as grains and dried fruits. Although less common, they can also trigger allergic reactions.

Causes of Dust mite allergy

Dust mite allergy results from the immune system’s reaction to dust mite proteins. When exposed to dust containing these bugs, the immune system produces antibodies against them. Histamine, a chemical messenger, causes allergic reactions like nasal inflammation or lung irritation. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic inflammation associated with asthma.

Risk Factors of Dust mite allergy

• Environmental Factors: Living in a warm, humid climate increases the risk of dust mite exposure.
• Indoor Allergen Exposure: Frequent contact with dust mites due to inadequate cleaning or poor ventilation.
• Genetics: A family history of allergies may predispose individuals to dust mite sensitivity.

Symptoms of Dust mite allergy

Preventions of Dust mite allergy

• Use allergen-proof bed covers.
• Wash bedding frequently in hot water.
• Maintain low humidity levels.
• Use a damp mop to remove dust.
• Regularly vacuum carpets and furniture.

Diagnosis of Dust mite allergy

• Physical Examination: Doctors examine the nasal passages for signs of inflammation.
• Allergy Skin Test: Pricking the skin with dust mite extracts helps identify specific allergens.
• Allergy Blood Test: Screens for allergy-causing antibodies.

Treatment for Dust mite allergy

• Medication:
  • Antihistamines (e.g., Fexofenadine, Loratidine) to reduce allergic reactions.
  • Decongestants (e.g., Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine) to shrink swollen nasal tissues.
  • Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., Montelukast) to reduce allergic responses.
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Fluticasone propionate) for severe cases.
• Avoidance Strategies:
  • Minimize exposure to dust mites.
  • Follow preventive measures (as mentioned above).

When to seek medical attention ?

• If symptoms persist for more than a week.
• Severe nasal congestion, wheezing, or difficulty sleeping.
• Seek emergency care if shortness of breath worsens rapidly.