Ectopic pregnancy

Overview

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. Typically, the fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus, but in this case, it occurs elsewhere. The most common location for ectopic pregnancies is the fallopian tube, which connects the ovaries to the uterus. However, ectopic pregnancies can also occur in other areas, such as the ovary, abdominal cavity, or the lower part of the uterus (cervix).

Types of Ectopic pregnancy

The  Types of Ectopic Pregnancy are:

1. Tubal Pregnancy: The fertilized egg attaches inside a fallopian tube.
2. Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy: Rarely, the egg implants in an ovary.
3. Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy: The egg attaches to the cervix.
4. Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy: The egg implants in the abdominal cavity.

Causes of Ectopic pregnancy

Exact causes are not always clear, but several factors increase the risk:

1. Hormonal Factors: Imbalances affecting egg transport.
2. Damaged Fallopian Tubes: Prior injury or surgery.
3. Genetic Abnormalities: Affecting tube development.
4. Abnormal Reproductive Organs: Malformed tubes or other structures.

Risk Factors of Ectopic pregnancy

1. Previous Ectopic Pregnancy
2. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Gonorrhea or chlamydia.
3. Fertility Treatment
4. IUD Use for Birth Control
5. Smoking.

Symptoms of Ectopic pregnancy

Preventions of Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. While it’s not possible to completely prevent an ectopic pregnancy, there are some measures that can help reduce the risk:

1. Practice Safe Sex: Using a condom during sex can help prevent sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.

2. Quit Smoking: Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. If you smoke, quitting can help reduce this risk.

3. Limit the Number of Sexual Partners: Having multiple sexual partners can increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections, which can lead to ectopic pregnancy.

4. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle can help keep your reproductive system functioning properly.

Diagnosis of Ectopic pregnancy

1. Physical Examination: To rule out other conditions.
2. Ultrasound: Identifies embryo location.
3. Hormone Tests: Check hCG and progesterone levels.
4. Blood Tests: Confirm ectopic pregnancy.

Treatment for Ectopic pregnancy

1. Medication: Methotrexate (for unruptured ectopic pregnancy).
2. Surgery: Laparoscopy to remove the mass and repair damage.
3. Self-Care: Follow provider instructions, keep incision clean, and avoid heavy lifting.

When to seek medical attention ?

Seek emergency medical help if you experience:

• Severe Abdominal or Pelvic Pain with Vaginal Bleeding
• Extreme Lightheadedness or Fainting
• Shoulder Pain.