Overview
Egg allergies are common among children. When a child is allergic to eggs, their immune system reacts abnormally to proteins found in eggs. Symptoms can range from mild skin reactions to severe anaphylaxis. Let’s explore this topic in depth.
Types of Egg allergies
- IgE-Mediated Allergy: This is the most common type. It involves an immune response triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.
- Non-IgE-Mediated Allergy: This type doesn’t involve IgE antibodies and may cause delayed symptoms, such as gastrointestinal issues.
Causes of Egg allergies
- Proteins: The proteins in egg whites (ovalbumin, ovomucoid) and yolks (livetin) are responsible for allergic reactions.
- Immune Response: The immune system mistakenly identifies these proteins as harmful invaders, leading to allergic symptoms.
Risk Factors of Egg allergies
- Family History: Children with a family history of allergies (asthma, hay fever, eczema) are more prone to egg allergies.
- Early Introduction: Introducing eggs too early (before 6 months) may increase the risk.
Symptoms of Egg allergies
1. Skin Reactions: Hives (urticaria)
Redness and itching around the mouth
Swelling (angioedema).
2. Respiratory Symptoms: Runny or stuffy nose
Sneezing
Coughing
Wheezing.
3. Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain.
4. Anaphylaxis: Rare but life-threatening
Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, and a drop in blood pressure.
Preventions of Egg allergies
- Avoidance: Strictly avoid all egg-containing foods.
- Reading Labels: Be vigilant about hidden egg ingredients in processed foods.
Diagnosis of Egg allergies
Consult an Allergist:
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- Skin prick tests or blood tests help diagnose egg allergies.
- Keep a food diary to track symptoms.
Treatment for Egg allergies
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Avoidance:
- Eliminate eggs and egg products from the diet.
- Educate caregivers, teachers, and family members.
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Emergency Measures:
- Carry an epinephrine autoinjector.
- Know how to use it during an allergic reaction.
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Allergist Consultation:
- Develop an individualized management plan.
- Discuss potential cross-reactivity with other foods.
When to seek medical attention ?
Immediate Medical Attention:
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- Any signs of anaphylaxis (difficulty breathing, swelling, severe hives).
- Seek emergency care promptly.
