Eisenmenger syndrome

Overview

Eisenmenger syndrome, also known as I-sun-meng-ur syndrome, is a serious long-term complication of congenital heart defects. It occurs when an unrepaired heart problem present at birth leads to abnormal blood flow in the heart and lungs. The condition permanently damages blood vessels in the lungs, resulting in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing this life-threatening condition.

Types of Eisenmenger syndrome

1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD):
   • The most common cause of Eisenmenger syndrome.
   • Involves a hole (shunt) between the right and left ventricles.
2. Atrioventricular Canal Defect:
   • A large hole affecting the center of the heart where the atria and ventricles meet.

Causes of Eisenmenger syndrome

Eisenmenger syndrome typically arises from unrepaired congenital heart defects, such as VSD or atrioventricular canal defects. These defects cause abnormal blood flow, leading to pulmonary hypertension and irreversible lung vessel damage.

Risk Factors of Eisenmenger syndrome

• Untreated Congenital Heart Defects:
  • Individuals with unrepaired heart defects are at risk.
• Age:
  • Symptoms often appear during adolescence or early adulthood.
• Gender:
  • Eisenmenger syndrome is more common in females.
• Other Factors:
  • Chronic anemia, polycythemia, and high-altitude exposure can exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms of Eisenmenger syndrome

Preventions of Eisenmenger syndrome

Early repair of congenital heart defects is crucial to preventing Eisenmenger syndrome. Regular medical follow-ups are essential for monitoring heart health.

Diagnosis of Eisenmenger syndrome

• Echocardiogram:
  • Visualizes heart structures and blood flow.
• Cardiac Catheterization:
  • Measures pressures in the heart and lungs.
• Blood Tests:
  • Assess oxygen levels and clotting factors.

Treatment for Eisenmenger syndrome

• Medications:
  • Improve symptoms and manage pulmonary hypertension.
• Oxygen Therapy:
  • Increases oxygen levels.
• Lifestyle Modifications:
  • Avoid strenuous activities and high altitudes.
• Heart-Lung Transplant:
  • In severe cases.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience symptoms of Eisenmenger syndrome, seek medical attention promptly. Even if you’ve never been diagnosed with a heart problem, shortness of breath or chest pain warrants evaluation.