Overview
Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by the destruction and dilation of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. Over time, the inner walls of the alveoli weaken and rupture, resulting in larger air spaces. This reduces the surface area available for oxygen exchange, leading to shortness of breath.
Types of Emphysema
- Centriacinar Emphysema: Primarily affects the upper lobes of the lungs and is commonly associated with smoking.
- Panacinar Emphysema: Affects the entire lung and is often linked to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (a rare inherited condition).
Causes of Emphysema
The main cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants:
- Tobacco smoke
- Marijuana smoke
- Air pollution
Risk Factors of Emphysema
Factors that increase the risk of developing emphysema include:
- Smoking: Cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoking.
- Age: Most tobacco-related emphysema symptoms appear between ages 40 and 60.
- Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Inhaling smoke from others’ tobacco products.
Symptoms of Emphysema
Emphysema symptoms may start gradually and include:1. Shortness of breath (especially during physical activity).
2. Persistent cough.
3. Wheezing
4. Fatigue
5. Frequent respiratory infections.
6. Bluish lips or nails with exertion.
Preventions of Emphysema
To prevent emphysema:
- Avoid smoking (including secondhand smoke).
- Minimize exposure to chemical fumes, dust, and pollution.
Diagnosis of Emphysema
Diagnosis involves:
- Medical History Review
- Physical Examination
- Lab Tests: X-rays, CT scans, blood tests, and lung function tests.
Treatment for Emphysema
While there’s no cure for emphysema, treatments can help manage symptoms:
- Bronchodilator Medications: Relax airway muscles.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: Reduce airway inflammation.
- Oxygen Therapy: For patients needing assistance with breathing.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention if:
- Shortness of breath persists.
- Lips or fingernails turn blue or gray with exertion.