Overview
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that originates from the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in the pelvis, where fetal development occurs. This cancer is sometimes referred to as uterine cancer, although other types of cancer can form in the uterus, such as uterine sarcoma. However, endometrial cancer is the most common.
Types of Endometrial Cancer
There are several types of endometrial cancer, each with its unique characteristics:
- Endometrioid cancer: This is the most common type of endometrial cancer. It forms in the glandular cells of the endometrium.
- Serous carcinoma: This is a more aggressive form of endometrial cancer that often occurs in women who are past menopause.
- Clear cell carcinoma: This rare type of endometrial cancer has cells that appear clear or pale under a microscope.
- Carcinosarcoma: This rare type of cancer contains both carcinoma (cancer of the cells that line the uterus) and sarcoma (cancer of the uterine muscle cells) components.
Causes of Endometrial Cancer
The exact cause of endometrial cancer is not known. However, it is believed to occur when certain cells in the endometrium develop mutations in their DNA. These mutations cause cells to grow and divide rapidly, forming a mass (tumor). Over time, these abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Risk Factors of Endometrial Cancer
Several factors can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer:
- Age: Endometrial cancer most often occurs after menopause.
- Obesity: Women who are obese have a higher risk of endometrial cancer.
- Hormone therapy for breast cancer: Taking estrogen alone (without progesterone) for hormone therapy for breast cancer increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
- Never being pregnant: Women who have never been pregnant have a higher risk of endometrial cancer.
Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer
The symptoms of endometrial cancer can vary but may include:Preventions of Endometrial Cancer
While it’s not possible to prevent endometrial cancer entirely, you can take steps to reduce your risk:
- Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer, so maintaining a healthy weight can reduce your risk.
- Consider the risks of hormone therapy after menopause: If you’re considering hormone therapy to control menopause symptoms, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer
Diagnosis of endometrial cancer typically involves:
- Pelvic examination
- Transvaginal ultrasound
- Endometrial biopsy
Treatment for Endometrial Cancer
Treatment for endometrial cancer usually involves surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy), as well as to remove the fallopian tubes and ovaries (salpingo-oophorectomy). Other treatments can include radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you, such as unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, or unexplained weight loss, make an appointment with your doctor.
