Overview
Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, originates in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is a prevalent form of cancer that primarily affects postmenopausal women. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the various aspects of endometrial cancer, including its types, causes, symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management.
Types of Endometrial Cancer
- Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of endometrial cancer. It arises from gland cells and closely resembles the normal uterine lining.
- Serous Carcinoma: A more aggressive subtype that tends to spread beyond the uterus.
- Clear Cell Carcinoma: Less common but aggressive, it grows rapidly and often presents at an advanced stage.
- Other Histologic Types: These include squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and transitional carcinoma.
Causes of Endometrial Cancer
The causes of endometrial cancer is still unclear.
Risk Factors of Endometrial Cancer
Several factors contribute to endometrial cancer risk:
- Obesity: Excess fat tissue increases estrogen levels, a key risk factor.
- Hormonal Imbalance: Factors like estrogen replacement therapy, tamoxifen use, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) impact risk.
- Age: Most cases occur after menopause.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Linked to hormonal changes.
- Family History: Close relatives with endometrial or colorectal cancer increase risk.
- Breast or Ovarian Cancer History: Previous malignancies elevate risk.
- Endometrial Hyperplasia: A precursor condition.The
Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer
Recognizing early signs is crucial:1. Post-Menopausal Bleeding: Any vaginal bleeding after menopause warrants investigation.
2. Bleeding between periods: Unusual bleeding patterns should be evaluated.
3. Pelvic Pain: Discomfort or pain in the pelvic region.
4. Abnormal Vaginal Discharge: Watery or blood-tinged discharge.
Preventions of Endometrial Cancer
Reduce your risk with these strategies:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a significant risk factor.
- Oral Contraceptives: Using birth control pills for at least one year lowers risk.
- Physical Exercise: Regular activity supports overall health.
Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer
- Pelvic Examination: Assess changes in the vulva.
- Hysteroscopy: Visualize the uterus using a hysteroscope.
- Transvaginal Ultrasound: Provides images of the uterus.
- Endometrial Biopsy: Confirm diagnosis through tissue analysis.
Treatment for Endometrial Cancer
- Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus.
- Radiation Therapy: Powerful energy beams target abnormal cells.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs like carboplatin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin.
- Hormone Therapy: Progestin to balance hormones.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience any symptoms or fall into high-risk categories, seek medical attention promptly.
