Overview
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated condition where eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the lining of the esophagus. This buildup results from a hypersensitivity reaction to certain foods, allergens, or acid reflux, leading to inflammation and potential damage of the esophageal tissue. Individuals with EoE often experience difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and food impaction, which can significantly impact their quality of life.
Types of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
1.Primary EoE: This is the most common type, where eosinophils accumulate due to allergic responses and other triggers.
2.Secondary EoE: Occurs as a result of other conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), connective tissue disorders, or infections.
Causes of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
- Allergens: Foods like dairy, eggs, wheat, and soy can trigger allergic reactions leading to EoE.
- Acid Reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can contribute to esophageal inflammation and eosinophilic infiltration.
- Genetic Predisposition: Certain genetic factors may increase susceptibility to developing EoE.
Risk Factors of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
- Age: EoE commonly affects children and young adults.
- Family History: Having a family member with EoE or other allergic conditions increases the risk.
- Environmental Allergens: Exposure to allergens in the environment can trigger or exacerbate symptoms.
Symptoms of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
Preventions of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
Preventing EoE involves identifying and avoiding triggers such as specific foods and allergens. Consultation with an allergist or gastroenterologist can help develop an appropriate management plan.
Diagnosis of Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
1.Endoscopy: Visual examination of the esophagus to assess for inflammation and tissue damage.
2.Biopsy: Tissue samples taken during endoscopy to count eosinophils and confirm diagnosis.
3.Allergy Testing: Identifying potential allergens through skin tests or blood tests.
Treatment for Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
1.Dietary Modifications: Elimination diets to identify and remove trigger foods.
2.Medications: Steroids to reduce inflammation, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to manage acid reflux.
3.Dilation: Widening of the esophagus if strictures develop.
4.Monitoring: Regular follow-ups to assess response to treatment and adjust management as needed.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if you experience persistent difficulty swallowing, food impaction, or recurrent chest pain, especially after eating. Early diagnosis and management can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
