Overview
Epidermoid cysts, also known as epidermal cysts, are benign, non-cancerous lumps that develop beneath the skin. These cysts are typically small, firm, and often painless, forming just beneath the skin's surface. They are most commonly found on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, and back. Epidermoid cysts develop when skin cells move deeper into the skin and multiply rather than sloughing off naturally, forming a sac filled with keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails.
Types of Epidermoid cysts
1.Epidermoid Cysts: These cysts are filled with keratin and are formed from the cells that make up the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin.
2.Pilar Cysts: Also known as trichilemmal cysts, these cysts originate from the outer hair root sheath.
Causes of Epidermoid cysts
- Blockage of Hair Follicles or Oil Glands: When a hair follicle or oil gland becomes blocked, it can lead to the formation of an epidermoid cyst.
- Trauma to the Skin: Previous trauma or injury to the skin can sometimes cause epidermoid cysts to develop.
- Congenital Factors: In some cases, epidermoid cysts may be present from birth due to developmental issues.
Risk Factors of Epidermoid cysts
- Personal or Family History: Individuals with a personal or family history of epidermoid cysts may be more prone to developing them.
- Skin Conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis, can increase the likelihood of cyst formation.
- Age: Epidermoid cysts are more common in adults, although they can occur at any age.
Symptoms of Epidermoid cysts
Preventions of Epidermoid cysts
- Avoid Trauma: Preventing injuries to the skin can reduce the risk of developing epidermoid cysts.
- Good Skin Hygiene: Maintaining good skin hygiene may help prevent some cysts related to blocked glands or follicles.
Diagnosis of Epidermoid cysts
- Clinical Examination: A healthcare provider can diagnose an epidermoid cyst through a physical examination.
- Ultrasound: Imaging tests like ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the cyst's size and location.
Treatment for Epidermoid cysts
1.Observation: Small, asymptomatic cysts may be left alone if they are not causing any issues.
2.Incision and Drainage: If a cyst becomes inflamed or infected, it may need to be lanced and drained.
3.Surgical Removal: Large or symptomatic cysts may require surgical excision, especially if they are cosmetically concerning or recurrent.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Pain or Discomfort: If a cyst becomes painful or uncomfortable.
- Signs of Infection: If the cyst shows signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or drainage of pus.
