Overview
Epiglottitis is a serious condition where the epiglottis, a small cartilage structure that covers the windpipe (trachea), becomes inflamed and swollen. This swelling can obstruct the airway, making it difficult to breathe and potentially leading to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.
Types of Epiglottitis
1. Acute Epiglottitis: The most common form, often caused by bacterial infections such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
2. Chronic Epiglottitis: A rare form that develops slowly over time, typically associated with repeated exposure to irritants or chronic infections.
Causes of Epiglottitis
- Infections: Mainly bacterial, with Hib being historically predominant.
- Burns: Injuries caused by hot liquids or chemicals that can damage the epiglottis.
- Throat Trauma: Physical injury or trauma to the throat area.
Risk Factors of Epiglottitis
- Age: Children between 2 and 6 years old are at higher risk.
- Unvaccinated individuals: Lack of vaccination against Hib increases susceptibility.
- Exposure to smoke or pollutants: Inhalation of irritants can contribute to chronic inflammation.
Symptoms of Epiglottitis
Preventions of Epiglottitis
Preventing epiglottitis primarily involves vaccination against Hib for children and maintaining good hygiene to reduce the risk of infections. Avoiding exposure to smoke and other respiratory irritants also lowers the risk of chronic inflammation.
Diagnosis of Epiglottitis
- Throat Examination: Visual inspection to assess swelling and redness.
- X-ray: Imaging to visualize the epiglottis and surrounding structures.
- Blood Tests: To check for signs of infection and inflammation.
Treatment for Epiglottitis
1.Hospitalization: Immediate admission to monitor and manage airway.
2. Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics to combat bacterial infection.
3. Intubation or Tracheostomy: In severe cases, to maintain open airway.
4. Steroids: Sometimes used to reduce swelling and inflammation.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention urgently if experiencing sudden onset of severe sore throat, difficulty breathing, or drooling, especially in children who have not been vaccinated against Hib.
