Overview
Epilepsy, also known as a seizure disorder, is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures are caused by disturbances in the electrical activity of the brain. Epilepsy can manifest in various forms and affects a significant portion of the population worldwide.
Types of Epilepsy
1.Generalized Epilepsy: Seizures involve both sides of the brain simultaneously.
2. Partial (Focal) Epilepsy: Seizures originate in one part of the brain.
Causes of Epilepsy
- Genetic Factors: Family history plays a significant role.
- Head Trauma: Injuries that result in brain damage can lead to epilepsy.
- Brain Conditions: Tumors, strokes, or infections affecting the brain.
- Prenatal Injury: Issues during fetal development can predispose individuals.
- Infections: Diseases like meningitis or AIDS affecting the brain.
Risk Factors of Epilepsy
- Age: Epilepsy can develop at any age, but onset is more common in childhood and after age 60.
- Family History: Genetic predisposition increases the risk.
- Head Injuries: Particularly those involving brain trauma.
- Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease: Increases likelihood of epilepsy.
- Dementia: People with Alzheimer's disease are at higher risk.
Symptoms of Epilepsy
1. Seizures or coma in severe cases: Convulsions, muscle spasms, altered consciousness.
2. Auras: Sensory disturbances, such as strange odors or feelings, that precede a seizure.
Preventions of Epilepsy
Epilepsy often cannot be prevented, but reducing head injuries and managing conditions like strokes can lower risks.
Diagnosis of Epilepsy
- Medical History: Assessing symptoms and potential triggers.
- Neurological Examination: Testing reflexes, coordination, and sensory function.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG): Records brain's electrical activity during seizures.
- Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans to detect abnormalities in the brain.
Treatment for Epilepsy
- Medications: Antiepileptic drugs to control seizures.
- Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding triggers like lack of sleep or stress.
- Surgery: Removing the area of the brain causing seizures.
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): Implant that sends electrical impulses to the brain.
When to seek medical attention ?
Consult a doctor if experiencing seizures for the first time, or if current treatment isn't effective in managing seizures.