Overview
Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are commonly found in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. While most strains are harmless, certain types such as E. coli O157
can cause severe gastrointestinal issues including stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting.
Types of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
1. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): Causes diarrhea, often seen in developing countries due to poor sanitation.
2. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC): Affects infants and young children, leading to diarrhea.
3. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC): Includes strain O157
, known for causing severe foodborne illnesses.
Causes of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Contaminated Food: Especially raw vegetables, undercooked ground beef.
- Contaminated Water: Drinking untreated water from lakes, pools, or wells.
- Person-to-Person Transmission: Poor hygiene, inadequate handwashing.
Risk Factors of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Age: Young children and older adults are more susceptible.
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or chemotherapy.
- Exposure to Contaminated Sources: Living in or visiting areas with poor sanitation.
Symptoms of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Preventions of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Cook Meat Thoroughly: Especially ground beef.
- Wash Hands Frequently: Use soap and water.
- Avoid Unpasteurized Products: Milk and juices.
- Practice Food Safety: Wash vegetables and fruits.
Diagnosis of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Stool Culture: Identifies E. coli bacteria in fecal samples.
- PCR Testing: Polymerase chain reaction to detect specific DNA sequences.
- Blood Tests: Checks for signs of infection or complications.
Treatment for Escherichia coli (E. coli)
1.Fluid Replacement: Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration.2
2.Antibiotics (in specific cases): Only used in severe infections or for vulnerable populations.
3.Supportive Care: Rest and monitoring for complications like HUS.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Persistent Symptoms: Diarrhea lasting more than a few days.
- High-Risk Individuals: Children under 5, elderly, or immunocompromised.
- Severe Symptoms: Bloody stools, high fever, or signs of dehydration.
