Overview
Exercise-induced asthma (EIA), also known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), is characterized by the narrowing of airways during physical exertion, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. While commonly associated with asthma, EIB can also affect individuals without a history of asthma.
Types of Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
Types of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
- Immediate-Onset EIB: Symptoms begin during exercise and peak shortly after.
- Delayed-Onset EIB: Symptoms typically appear 4 to 12 hours after physical activity has ended.
Causes of Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
- Airway Drying: Breathing through the mouth during exercise can dry and cool the airways, triggering EIB.
- Inflammatory Response: Physical activity can lead to the release of inflammatory mediators in the airways.
- Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness: Individuals with sensitive airways are more prone to EIB.
Risk Factors of Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
- Asthma: Individuals with asthma are at higher risk of developing EIB.
- Allergies: Those with allergies, especially to pollen or animals, may be more susceptible.
- Cold, Dry Air: Exercising in cold, dry environments can exacerbate symptoms.
- High-Intensity Exercise: Vigorous activities like running or soccer are more likely to trigger EIB.
Symptoms of Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
1. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty catching one's breath during or after exercise.
2. Wheezing: High-pitched whistling sounds when exhaling.
3. Coughing and Aspiration: Persistent coughing, particularly after physical activity.
4. Chest Tightness or Pain: Feeling of constriction or discomfort in the chest.
Preventions of Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
- Warm-Up: Engage in a proper warm-up routine before exercising.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to keep airways moist.
- Use Inhalers: Pre-treat with asthma medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
- Avoid Cold Air: Exercise indoors during cold weather or wear a mask or scarf over the mouth in colder climates.
Diagnosis of Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
- Medical History: Symptoms experienced during or after exercise.
- Lung Function Tests: Spirometry and peak flow measurements.
- Exercise Challenge Test: Monitoring lung function before, during, and after physical activity.
Treatment for Exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
- Medications:
- Short-Acting Beta Agonists: Used before exercise to prevent symptoms.
- Long-Acting Beta Agonists: Provide sustained relief for prolonged activities.
- Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Reduce airway inflammation.
- Lifestyle Adjustments:
- Warm-Up and Cool Down: Gradually ease into and out of physical activity.
- Identify Triggers: Avoid allergens or environmental factors that worsen symptoms.
- Monitor Symptoms: Keep a record of symptoms to track progress and adjust treatment.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Persistent Symptoms: If symptoms interfere with daily activities despite treatment.
- Difficulty Managing Symptoms: When medications and lifestyle adjustments are insufficient.
- Emergency Signs: Severe shortness of breath, bluish lips or fingernails, or significant chest pain.
