Overview
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent bouts of fever and inflammation, primarily affecting the abdomen, chest, and joints. It predominantly occurs in individuals of Mediterranean descent but can impact people of various ethnic backgrounds.
Types of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
- Classical FMF: The most common type, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation.
- Non-classical FMF: Presents with atypical symptoms or milder forms of the disease.
Causes of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
- Genetic Mutation: FMF is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, which plays a role in regulating inflammation.
- Inheritance Pattern: It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning both parents must pass on a mutated gene for the child to develop FMF.
Risk Factors of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
- Ethnic Background: People of Mediterranean descent are at higher risk.
- Family History: Having a family member with FMF increases the risk.
Symptoms of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
1. Recurrent Fevers: Episodes of high fever lasting 1-3 days.
2. Abdominal Pain: Typically affects the lower right quadrant.
3. Chest Pain: Often mistaken for cardiac issues.
4. Joint Pain: Inflammation of large joints like knees and ankles.
5. Skin Manifestations: Rash or redness, especially during febrile episodes.
Preventions of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
Currently, there are no known prevention strategies for FMF due to its genetic nature. Early diagnosis and effective management can help reduce symptoms and complications.
Diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
- Clinical Evaluation: Based on symptoms and family history.
- Genetic Testing: Confirms mutations in the MEFV gene.
- Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to check for inflammation markers.
Treatment for Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
- Medication: Colchicine is the primary treatment to reduce inflammation and prevent episodes.
- Pain Management: NSAIDs for symptom relief during acute attacks.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Stress management and regular follow-ups.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if you experience recurrent fevers, abdominal pain, or joint inflammation, especially if you have a family history of FMF.
