Overview
Febrile seizures are convulsions that occur in young children due to fever, often from infections. They are typically harmless and brief, lasting a few minutes. Most children with febrile seizures are otherwise healthy with normal development.
Types of Febrile seizures
- Simple Febrile Seizures:
- Brief, generalized seizures (lasting less than 15 minutes).
- Do not recur within 24 hours.
- Complex Febrile Seizures:
- Prolonged seizures (>15 minutes) or focal seizures.
- May recur within 24 hours.
Causes of Febrile seizures
- Fever: Usually triggered by common childhood infections like respiratory infections or gastroenteritis.
- Genetics: Family history of febrile seizures increases the risk.
- Immature Nervous System: Children's developing brains may be more sensitive to fever.
Risk Factors of Febrile seizures
- Age: Peak incidence between 6 months and 5 years.
- Family History: Having a sibling or parent with febrile seizures.
- High Fever: Fevers above 102°F (38.9°C) increase risk.
- Developmental Delays: Children with pre-existing neurological conditions.
Symptoms of Febrile seizures
1. Loss of consciousness: Sudden collapse.
2. Convulsions: Jerking movements of arms and legs.
3. Fever: Often preceding the seizure.
4. Postictal State: Drowsiness or confusion after the seizure.
Preventions of Febrile seizures
To reduce the risk of febrile seizures:
- Fever Control: Use acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
- Hydration: Ensure adequate fluid intake during illness.
- Cooling Measures: Apply lukewarm sponge baths.
Diagnosis of Febrile seizures
- Clinical Evaluation: Detailed history and physical examination.
- Lab Tests: Blood tests to identify underlying infections.
- Neurological Examination: Assessing developmental milestones.
Treatment for Febrile seizures
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During Seizure:
- Ensure child's safety, place on side, do not restrain.
- Time the duration of the seizure.
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Post-Seizure:
- Comfort the child, monitor breathing and consciousness.
- Contact healthcare provider for guidance.
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Long-term Management:
- Address underlying fever or infection.
- Educate parents on seizure first aid.
When to seek medical attention ?
- First Seizure: Immediate evaluation.
- Prolonged Seizure: Lasting longer than 5 minutes.
- Breathing Difficulties: After the seizure.
- Unusual Behavior: Postictal confusion lasting beyond the seizure.
