Overview
A fever is a temporary elevation in body temperature, often signaling an immune response to infections or other medical conditions. While uncomfortable for most, it typically resolves within days and may not always require treatment unless causing discomfort. Infants, however, require immediate attention even for low-grade fevers due to potential serious infections.
Types of Fever
Types of Fever
- Low-Grade Fever: Mild increase in body temperature, usually below 100.4°F (38°C).
- Moderate Fever: Temperature ranges from 100.4°F to 102.2°F (38°C to 39°C).
- High Fever: Temperature exceeding 102.2°F (39°C).
Causes of Fever
- Infections: Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections.
- Inflammatory Disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Medications: Some medications can induce fever as a side effect.
- Heat Exhaustion: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
- Cancers: Certain types can cause fever as a symptom.
Risk Factors of Fever
- Age: Infants and older adults are more vulnerable.
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.
- Chronic Medical Conditions: Diabetes, heart disease, or respiratory disorders increase susceptibility.
Symptoms of Fever
1. Elevated Body Temperature: Central symptom, varies in intensity.
2. Chills: Often accompanies rising temperature.
3. Sweating: Follows a fever peak as body temperature decreases.
4. Headaches: Common complaint during febrile episodes.
5. Muscle Aches: Generalized discomfort or soreness.
Preventions of Fever
To reduce the risk of fever:
- Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing.
- Vaccinations: Maintain up-to-date immunizations.
- Food Safety: Properly handle and cook food to prevent infections.
- Avoidance: Limit exposure to sick individuals when possible.
Diagnosis of Fever
- Physical Examination: Includes temperature measurement and symptom assessment.
- Medical History: Helps identify underlying conditions or recent illnesses.
- Laboratory Tests: Blood, urine, or other tests to detect infections or inflammatory markers.
Treatment for Fever
- Medications: Over-the-counter antipyretics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) to reduce fever and alleviate discomfort.
- Fluid Intake: Ensure adequate hydration, especially during febrile episodes.
- Rest: Allow the body time to recover and heal.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention if:
- Fever persists beyond a few days.
- Accompanied by severe symptoms like difficulty breathing or confusion.
- Infant under 3 months has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
