Fibromyalgia

Overview

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, often accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory issues, and mood changes. It affects how the brain and spinal cord process pain signals, leading to heightened sensitivity to pain and other stimuli.

Types of Fibromyalgia

1.Primary Fibromyalgia: The most common type, where symptoms develop without any identifiable triggering event.

2.Secondary Fibromyalgia: Occurs as a result of another condition or event, such as physical trauma, surgery, infection, or psychological stress.

Causes of Fibromyalgia

1. Genetic Predisposition: Certain genetic mutations may make individuals more susceptible to developing fibromyalgia.
2. Neurochemical Imbalance: Abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine, can contribute to the disorder.
3. Triggering Events: Physical trauma, surgery, infections, or significant psychological stress can initiate or exacerbate symptoms.

Risk Factors of Fibromyalgia

• Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop fibromyalgia.
• Family History: Having a family member with fibromyalgia increases the risk.
• Other Conditions: Presence of conditions like rheumatic diseases, autoimmune disorders, or mood disorders.

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

Preventions of Fibromyalgia

Currently, there are no known methods to prevent fibromyalgia. Early diagnosis and prompt management can help mitigate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia

1. Medical History: Detailed discussion of symptoms and their impact on daily life.
2. Physical Examination: Tender points evaluation and assessment of pain distribution.
3. Laboratory Tests: Rule out other conditions with blood tests and other diagnostic studies.
4. Diagnostic Criteria: Meeting specific criteria set by medical organizations for fibromyalgia diagnosis.

Treatment for Fibromyalgia

1. Medications: Pain relievers, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants to manage pain and improve mood.
2. Therapies: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to enhance coping mechanisms.
3. Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, stress reduction techniques, and adequate sleep hygiene.
4. Alternative Therapies: Acupuncture, yoga, and massage therapy as adjunct treatments.

When to seek medical attention ?

Seek medical advice if you experience chronic widespread pain, persistent fatigue, or sleep disturbances that interfere with daily activities despite self-care measures.