Overview
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a progressive kidney disorder where scar tissue forms on the glomeruli, crucial units responsible for filtering blood in the kidneys. This condition disrupts kidney function, leading to complications such as kidney failure.
Types of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- Primary FSGS: Occurs independently and is believed to have genetic or immunological causes.
- Secondary FSGS: Develops due to other underlying conditions or factors affecting the kidneys, such as obesity, viruses, or certain medications.
Causes of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- Genetic Mutations: Inherited genetic defects contribute to primary FSGS.
- Immunological Factors: Dysfunction in the immune system may lead to glomerular damage.
- Viral Infections: Viruses like HIV and parvovirus B19 can trigger secondary FSGS.
- Obesity: Excessive weight places strain on kidneys, increasing the risk of kidney damage.
Risk Factors of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- Family History: Genetic predisposition increases susceptibility to FSGS.
- Race/Ethnicity: African-Americans and Hispanics are at higher risk than Caucasians.
- Obesity: Increases the risk of developing FSGS due to metabolic strain on the kidneys.
Symptoms of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
1. Proteinuria: Excess protein in urine.
2. Skin Swelling (Edema): Swelling, particularly in the ankles, legs, and around the eyes.
3. Hypertension: High blood pressure.
4. Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak constantly.
Preventions of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Preventing FSGS involves managing underlying conditions like obesity and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can reduce the risk of kidney damage.
Diagnosis of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- Urinalysis: Tests for proteinuria and other signs of kidney damage.
- Blood Tests: Assess kidney function and overall health.
- Kidney Biopsy: Confirms FSGS diagnosis through tissue examination.
Treatment for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- Medications: Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to manage inflammation and immune response.
- Dietary Changes: Low-salt diet to manage hypertension and reduce strain on kidneys.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise and weight management.
- Dialysis or Transplant: End-stage cases may require kidney replacement therapies.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if experiencing symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or changes in urine output. Early detection and intervention can slow the progression of FSGS and improve outcomes.
