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Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

Diseases and Conditions Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
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Overview

Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND), encompassing what was previously termed conversion disorder, manifests as neurological symptoms without a corresponding neurological disease or identifiable medical condition. These symptoms are genuine, leading to significant distress or impairment in daily functioning.

 

Types of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

  1. Functional Movement Disorders (FMD)
    • Involuntary movements such as tremors, dystonia, or gait disturbances.
  2. Functional Limb Weakness and Paralysis
    • Unexplained weakness or paralysis affecting limbs or sometimes the entire body.
  3. Functional Sensory Symptoms
    • Abnormalities in sensory perception like numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation.
  4. Functional Seizures (Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures)
    • Episodes resembling epileptic seizures but without abnormal electrical brain activity.

Causes of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

 

  • Neurological Disorders: Sometimes triggered by an underlying neurological condition.
  • Psychological or Emotional Stress: Trauma, stress, or emotional conflicts.
  • Physical Trauma: Injuries or medical procedures affecting the nervous system.
  • Genetic Predisposition: Susceptibility due to genetic factors.
  • Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxins or pollutants affecting brain function.

 

Risk Factors of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

 

  • Psychological Factors: History of trauma, anxiety disorders, or depression.
  • Physical Factors: Recent surgery, injury, or illness affecting the nervous system.
  • Genetic Predisposition: Family history of FND or related conditions.

 

Symptoms of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

1. Motor Symptoms: Tremors, abnormal gait, weakness, or paralysis.
2. Sensory Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, blindness, or altered vision.
3. Seizures or coma in severe cases: Convulsions or fainting spells.
4. Speech and Swallowing Issues: Difficulty speaking or swallowing.

Preventions of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

Currently, there are no specific preventive measures for FND. Early recognition and management of stress or trauma might mitigate risks.

 

Diagnosis of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

  1. Clinical Assessment: Detailed medical history and neurological examination.
  2. Diagnostic Tests: MRI, EEG, and other tests to rule out neurological disorders.
  3. Psychiatric Evaluation: Assessment for underlying psychological factors contributing to symptoms.

Treatment for Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)

  1. Multidisciplinary Approach: Involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and physical therapists.
  2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Addressing underlying psychological stressors.
  3. Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation for motor symptoms.
  4. Medication: Sometimes used to manage accompanying symptoms like anxiety or depression.

When to seek medical attention ?

 

  • Persistent Symptoms: Symptoms affecting daily life or not improving.
  • New Onset Symptoms: Sudden onset of neurological symptoms without explanation.
  • Emotional Distress: Significant emotional impact due to symptoms.