Overview
Gallbladder cancer, a rare malignancy, originates in the gallbladder—a small, pear-shaped organ nestled beneath the liver. Despite its relative obscurity, gallbladder cancer warrants attention due to its often late-stage diagnosis and challenging prognosis. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the intricacies of gallbladder cancer, covering its types, causes, symptoms, prevention, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and when to seek medical help.
Types of Gallbladder cancer
- Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, adenocarcinoma arises from gland-like cells lining the gallbladder. Notably, papillary adenocarcinoma—a rare subtype—has a more favorable prognosis.
- Other Rare Types: These include adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas, although they are infrequently encountered.
Causes of Gallbladder cancer
The exact cause of gallbladder cancer remains elusive, but several risk factors contribute:
- Gallstones: A significant risk factor, as up to 80% of gallbladder cancer cases occur in individuals with gallstones.
- Porcelain Gallbladder: Calcification of the gallbladder wall, often linked to chronic inflammation.
Risk Factors of Gallbladder cancer
- Sex: Women face a higher risk.
- Obesity: Overweight individuals are more susceptible.
- Age: Gallbladder cancer primarily affects older adults.
- Ethnicity and Geography: Highest incidence in Mexican, Latin American, and Native American populations.
Symptoms of Gallbladder cancer
Gallbladder cancer often remains asymptomatic until advanced stages. However, watch for:1. Abdominal Pain: Especially in the upper right abdomen.
2. Abdominal Bloating
3. Unexplained Weight Loss
4. Jaundice: Yellowing of skin and eyes.
Preventions of Gallbladder cancer
While definitive prevention methods are lacking, consider:
- Balanced Diet
- Maintaining Healthy Weight
- Avoiding Carcinogenic Substances Untreated gallbladder cancer can lead to liver failure and cholestatic jaundice.
Diagnosis of Gallbladder cancer
- Liver Function Tests
- Ultrasound
- CT Scan
- MRI
- Biopsy
Treatment for Gallbladder cancer
- Surgery: Cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) and lymphadenectomy.
- Radiation Therapy: Using X-rays to target abnormal cells.
- Chemotherapy: Medications like 5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin.
- Stenting: To relieve bile duct blockage.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience any symptoms or risk factors, consult a healthcare professional promptly.
